R

Rajan, Raghuram, 115

Rao, Vivek, 77, 109

regional cooperation, 54

regulatory governance in PPP

performance, 10, 233-54. See also institutional and regulatory

framework for countries agencies for, 237-39, 238t

case studies on, 243-51, 244t

designing systems for, 240-42, 241f

functions of, 235-37, 237f

instruments for, 239-40

misunderstanding of, 233

objectives of, 235

pitfalls in, 242

policy recommendations for, 252

role in improvement of PPPs, 234

regulatory instruments, 239-40

regulatory quality, 87, 99t, 130n7

renewable energy projects, 21, 277

repo rate, 123, 128, 129

Republic of Korea, 10, 191-232

bank project financing in, 83, 84t

capital market financing in, 199-201, 200-201t, 202b

comparison with Philippines and Indonesia, 287-322. See also comparative review of PPP systems

economic growth, PPP investment and, 19, 192-99, 193f, 194-99t

emiprical analysis of PPP projects in, 222-29, 223f, 224t, 229t

governance issues affecting PPP

process in, 204-8, 205f, 206t, 208f

government support for PPPs in, 300-301f, 300-304, 303-4t, 310-11, 316

Hwado-Yangpyeong Expressway Project, 205

Incheon International Airport Railway Project (2007), 205

increase of PPPs in, 192, 215

infrastructure eligible for PPPs in, 314-16

infrastructure ranking of, 1f

institutions, functioning of, 310

legal framework for PPPs in, 209-10, 212n3, 288, 308, 312

policy implications for, 229-30

PPP environment classification in, 287

PPP institutional frameworks in, 297, 297t

PPP market maturity in, 53

PPP structure in, 216-17, 216f, 223f

PPP systems in, 312-21

PPP to total infrastructure investment ratios in, 40t

procurement types, 288-89, 314, 321n1

Public and Private Infrastructure

Investment Management Center of, 9, 210, 222, 288, 291, 297, 297t, 310

Public-Private Partnership Review Committee, 222, 291-92

Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Act (1994), 191, 209-10, 288-89, 290, 297, 302, 304

solicited project proposals in, 290-91, 309, 319

syndicated loan use in, 110

theoretical model of procurement contracts in, 217-22

unsolicited project proposals in, 202-4, 203-4t, 290-91, 319

requests for proposals (RFPs), 230, 291

resettlement costs, 54, 172, 306

Reside, Renato, 63

return on average assets, 83, 87, 99t, 100t

revertible facilities, 288, 302

Reyes-Tagle, Gerardo, 52

Rhee, Chang-Yong, 19, 192

Riedl, Dominik F., 54

rights-of-way, 54, 306, 310

risk assessment and management, 9, 47-73

bank project financing and, 81-82, 97n3

benefits of PPPs for, 3, 20

categorization of risks, 55

construction vs. financial investors and, 225-26

in contracts, 236

currency risk and, 149

data and analytical framework, 55-58

empirical results, 58-64, 59-60f, 61-62t, 64-65t

factors affecting outcomes of PPP projects, 50-55, 51f

failed projects and, 48-50, 48-50f

in financing for infrastructure, 6-7, 138

formation requirements for PPPs, 51-52

investor incentives and, 77-78

loan security and, 117

MDB participation and, 8

policy implications, 66-67

political vulnerability and, 5

private sector and, 260

for project implementation, 53-55

public sector role in, 138, 299

regulatory governance in PPP

performance for, 233, 235

regulatory system design and, 240, 241f, 251

Southeast Asia, 269, 273

syndicate loans and, 111, 119

risk evaluations, 139

risk mitigation and sovereign

guarantees, 10, 167-87

case studies on, 176-79, 177f

costs of, 180

government support to reduce risk, 172-73, 172f

MDB partial risk guarantees, benefits of, 180-83, 181-82f

MDBs and, 173-76, 175t, 176f

policy implications, 183

regression framework, 185

risk perceptions of investors, 168-71, 168t, 169f, 171t, 184n2

risk premiums, 48, 139

risk sharing

benefits of, 3

comparative review of, 310-11

new PPP schemes for, 230, 282

to prevent moral hazard, 138

project finance and, 6-7

regulation of, 236

Republic of Korea, 191, 300-302, 300-301f

revenue guarantees and, 210

Rockart, John F., 51

Romp, Ward, 23

Rosenstock, Michael, 52

Ruhashyankiko, Jean-Francois, 20, 63, 88, 92, 170

rule of law, 130n5. See also institutional and regulatory framework for countries

rules as regulatory tools, 239-40

rural areas

access to and quality of infrastructure, 29, 30-31t

renewable energy projects in, 21