The most common outcome of renegotiation in the study was a change in tariffs. There were 13 examples of increased tariffs, mainly across projects in Europe and Latin America. There were another seven examples of reduced tariffs. The outcome of a renegotiation in Portugal resulted in the payment mechanism being changed entirely.
Another common result of renegotiation was a change in construction scope or contract duration. A change in scope because of renegotiation occurred 12 times in the construction phase out of the 146 PPPs for which the relevant data was available globally, but only once in the operations phase. This pattern was particularly common in Latin America, where these results occurred 13 times in total of the 43 PPPs for which the relevant data was available.
The construction scope changes ranged from reductions in scope on the Baixo Highway project in Portugal, to changes in tunnelling works due to ground conditions on two projects in Brazil and the Netherlands, and a large increase in investment in the Queen Alia International Airport Expansion Case Study in Jordan.
Several renegotiations took place in relation to the Sao Paulo Metro Line 4 project in Brazil to address construction delays. The construction phase was extended as a result; however, after ongoing issues, the project was eventually terminated and retendered.