2.1. Types of Need
| Projects emerge from a need to fulfil public service or economic development requirements of the general public or a specific community. Sometimes the need is obvious such as when basic housing, health, water services, etc. are lacking or inadequate. At other times need could latent and based on future demand brought about by changes in aspirations or economic and social circumstances. For instance, the development of a bridge across a river where people initially commuted by way of ferry is an outcome of the expressed need of the people. But the development of an integrated township is an outcome of a latent need among people to organise their livelihoods and function in a non-congested and well planned city. |
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Examples of two kinds of needs:
• A need which is an improvement on the existing facility, such as greater capacity, newer technology or integration of the existing facility with another service/project. Road widening and increasing the capacity at airports or ports are two examples.
• A new need for a service or facility which was never there before. New townships and industrial clusters are two examples.
Project needs can be similarly categorised as either a need for development in an area with no basic infrastructure in place at all or the need for development in an area which has some basic infrastructure.
In certain cases, the public entity proposes the creation of completely new infrastructure in a place where even a basic water or power supply or connectivity is barely available. A classic example is satellite townships such as Noida, Navi Mumbai and Naya Raipur that have arisen around growing cities.
Other projects are conceived to improve services in places where infrastructure already exists; these could be a sewerage network in a metro or the construction of a new international convention centre in the heart of a city.