In all economies, a dispute shall first be resolved by direct negotiation between two parties. If the negotiation fails, the case can be brought to mediation involving a neutral third party. Both parties may then escalate to arbitration if the case are not settled through mediation.
In Peru, a dispute on non-technical matters directly goes to arbitration. A project of 10 to 30 million goes directly to ICSID, or the Arbitration Center of the Chamber of Commerce of Lima.
In Papua New Guinea, all disputes are to be settled through its court systems, while in the Philippines, alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are highly encouraged.