The PPP reference model modified to contain risks is equal to the base PPP base reference model in addition to the risk costs (note that column of modification for risk in the table below)
The PPP reference model modified to contain risks shall distinguish between the transferable risks (risks that can be transferred to the private sector because it is more suitable to manage these risks) and residual risks (risks that the government proposes to manage by its own)
An example of the PPP reference model modified to contain risks is shown in the table below:
Year | Capital Costs | Maintenance Costs | Operational Costs | Indirect Costs | Revenues | Modification for risks | Total | Discount factor | Reduced flows |
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