2.3  Research methodology

Figure 3 illustrates the four-phase research methodology used. The methodology actively used mixed method data collection and analysis approach to achieve the desired research outcomes (project scope items 1-6).

The project began with a systematic review of the literature on social PPP projects and comparable traditional projects. The literature review was conducted on three key areas: a VFM outcome assessment including time and cost performance, service outcomes and benefits, and user experience and satisfaction including identification of factors contributing to the positive and negative user experience. The review of literature contributed to the development process for the workshops (focus group discussions) and surveys. This process included developing questions for workshop discussions and surveys, recruiting workshop participants and selecting venues, and is illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Research Methodology

The case study selection process, detailed in Appendix C, ensured that this research included key social PPP projects that are in mature operational phase. The projects investigated covered schools, hospitals, prisons and a general category of social infrastructure projects.

Phase two of research methodology included drafting polling questions and selecting the appropriate polling tool for use during workshop discussions, with separate questions (and workshops) for contract managers and service providers. Ethics approval was obtained from The University of Melbourne's Human Research Ethics Committee (ethics ID 1954426) enabling the researchers to recruit participants and begin the data collection process. Survey questions were administered to participants before the workshops took place.

Phase three of research methodology included overall data collection process using workshop discussions, live polls and follow up survey. Focus group discussions were recorded and transcribed for data analysis. Phase four of the research methodology included a qualitative analysis to identify critical themes (factors contributing to positive or negative experience) and a quantitative analysis to provide a spread (positive or negative) of service provider experiences. Qualitative and quantitative findings from data analysis along were used to draft the Report findings and to meet the final project scope item 6.

Project scope items one, three and four required primary data to be provided, while scope items two and five required documentation from participating jurisdictions pertaining to media reports, contract documents, annual reports or other secondary data sources.