
| __________________ | While the overall voLume of disputes remained consistent with last year's results, the average value of disputes decreased, and the time taken to resolve these disputes rose in 2018. This, as indicated in the introduction, suggests the industry is beginning to better understand and address the impact of human factors in disputes, and more frequently utilize early dispute resoLution techniques. |
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| __________________ | We define a 'dispute' as a situation where two parties typically differ in the assertion of a contractual right, resulting in a decision being given under the contract, which in turn becomes a formal dispute. The value of a dispute is the additional entitlement to that included in the contract, for the additional work or event which is being claimed. The length of a dispute is the period between when it becomes formalized under the contract and the time of settlement or the concLusion of the hearing. |

| REGION | AVERAGE DISPUTE VALUE | AVERAGE LENGTH OF DISPUTE | ||||||||
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
| North America | 29.6 | 25 | 21 | 19 | 16.3 | 16.2 | 13.5 | 15.6 | 17.7 | 15.2 |
| UK | 27 | 25 | 34 | 34 | 17.9 | 10 | 10.7 | 12 | 10 | 12.8 |
| Continental Europe | 38.3 | 25 | 19 | 29.5 | 41 | 18 | 18.5 | 14.1 | 18.1 | 20 |
| Middle East | 76.7 | 82 | 56 | 91 | 56.7 | 15.1 | 15.2 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 20 |
| GLOBAL AVERAGE | 42.9 | 39.3 | 32.5 | 43.4 | 33.0 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 17.0 |