Unintended consequences

5.40 Appraisal of the short-list should consider any likely beneficial or adverse collateral effects and unintended consequences. This may include:

  effects on particular groups in society

  possible changes in behaviour as a result of an intervention

  claims made for efficiency gains from payment-by-results, performance targets or bonus systems, which should be supported by robust evidence ideally from a similar setting, rather than simple assumptions.

  the potential for gaming and unexpected results