Value creation is the process by which partners can create value external to the assets they brought into the partnership. A successful PPP is, to borrow an old saying, "greater than the sum of its parts." By using a PPP to optimize resources, reduce inefficiencies, and drive innovation, governments can engage in value creation.
The tools, skills, and frameworks we have studied in this Guide are, in a way, all geared towards creating value. In other words, value creation is not so much a "last step" in the process (after preparation and engagement), but the goal or objective of the process itself. Each step in your process, from stakeholder analysis, to negotiation, to communication, should be assessed by asking whether it creates value for the partnership.