What are the underlying issues that make this chapter important?

  Improving network resilience. In a single week in 2020,1,406 telecommunications facilities went offline because of bushfires, Jeopardising the safety of many thousands of people.34

  The ability to meet changing demand. During the initial COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in April 2020, demand on the National Broadband Network (NBN) increased by an average of 71% during busy hours.35 Video conference operators reported an 85% rise in adoption rates.

  Over 30% of remote or very remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander households have no internet access and the majority are still without basic telephony services,36 so the digital divide needs to close.

  Tackling the digital divide. In 2020, people in the bottom quintile for household income had a digital inclusion score (a measure of internet engagement) of 44, some 30 points lower than those in top-quintile high-income households.37

  Making sure all the economic benefits are realised. If it is fully enabled, 5G technology will yield a productivity benefit of 0.2% each year, equating to more than $50 billion in the first decade.38 This is eguivalent to between $1,300 and $2,000 per person in additional GDP.39