Other options

Airspace developments: Partner with a developer to build apartments and offices in the airspace on top of railway infrastructure (interchanges and stations) to generate sales revenue, leasing income or receive in-kind services such as improving the station.

Commercial and retail activities at interchanges: Develop or retrofit interchanges so they include offices, shops and lifestyle facilities (such as gyms, cinemas and childcare centres) for sale or lease.

Customer-facing advertising: Lease space by rail tracks and inside train carriages to businesses so they can display advertising.