References

1  Productivity Commission 2014, Relative costs of doing business in Australia: Retail trade, Productivity Commission, Melbourne, p 31, available via: www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/retail-trade/report

2  Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources 2020, Make it happen: The Australian Government's Modern Manufacturing Strategy, Australian Government, Canberra, available via: www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/make-it-happen-the-australian-governments-modern-manufacturing-strategy

3  Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment 2021, Delivering Ag2030, Australian Government, Canberra, p ii, available via: www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/ag-2030.pdf

4  Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications 2020, National Freight and Supply Chain Strategy: A national approach to Australia's freight and supply chains, Australian Government, Canberra, viewed 2 February 2021, www.freightaustralia.gov.au/

5  Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2021, Net migration to the regions highest on record, media release, 4 May 2021, ABS, available via: www.abs.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/net-migration-regions-highest-record

6  Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure beyond COVID-19: A national study on the impacts of the pandemic on Australia, Infrastructure Australia and L.E.K. Consulting, Sydney, p 60, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/Final_COVID%20Impacts%20on%20Infrastructure%20Sectors%20Report_14%20Dec%202020.pdf

7  Australian Government 2019, Planning for Australia's future population, Australian Government, Canberra, available via: www.population.gov.au/downloads/planning-future-population.pdf

8  Queensland Major Contractors Association 2018, Gold Coast Light Rail Stage 3A: An industry perspective, available via: www.qmca.com.au/gold-coast-light-rail-stage-3a-an-industry-perspective/

9  Austroads 2020, Classifying, measuring and valuing the benefits of place on the transport system, AP-R626-20, Austroads, Sydney, available via: www.austroads.com.au/publications/network/ap-r626-20

10  Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure beyond COVID-19: A national study on the impacts of the pandemic on Australia, Infrastructure Australia and L.E.K. Consulting, Sydney, pp 44 and 46-47, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/Final_COVID%20Impacts%20on%20Infrastructure%20Sectors%20Report_14%20Dec%202020.pdf

11  Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure Priority List: High Priority Initiative - National road and maintenance strategy, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/map/national-road-and-maintenance-strategy

12  Austroads 2021, Local government, Austroads, viewed 30 January 2021, www.austroads.com.au/about-austroads/local-government

13  NSW Productivity Commission 2020, Review of infrastructure contributions in New South Wales, New South Wales Government, Sydney, pp 109-111, available via: www.productivity.nsw.gov.au/infrastructure-contributions-review

14  Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure beyond COVID-19: A national study on the impacts of the pandemic on Australia, Infrastructure Australia and L.E.K. Consulting, Sydney, p 39, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/Final_COVID%20Impacts%20on%20Infrastructure%20Sectors%20Report_14%20Dec%202020.pdf

15  Infrastructure Australia 2019, Urban transport crowding and congestion: The Australian Infrastructure Audit 2019 - Supplementary report, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 19, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/urban-transport-crowding-and-congestion

16  Infrastructure Australia 2018, Outer urban public transport: Improving accessibility in lower-density areas, Reform Series, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 18, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/outer-urban-public-transport-improving-accessibility-lower-density-areas

17  NSW Productivity Commission 2020, Review of infrastructure contributions in New South Wales, New South Wales Government, Sydney, pp 69-70, available via: www.productivity.nsw.gov.au/infrastructure-contributions-review

18  METRONET 2021, The only way is up for new Bayswater Station, Government of Western Australia, Perth, available via: www.metronet.wa.gov.au/news-info/latest-news/category/bayswater-station-upgrade/the-only-way-is-up-for-new-bayswater-station

19  Newgate Research 2020, Community attitudes to freight and coronavirus, Newgate Pulse Issues Tracking Report, Newgate Research, Sydney, 19 June 2020, available via: https://www.newgatecomms.com.au/locations/

20  Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment 2020, Food chain resilience, Australian Government, Canberra, viewed 10 November 2020, www.agriculture.gov.au/ag-farm-food/food/food-chain-resilience

21  Ernst & Young 2020, Inland Rail regional opportunities: Full report, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications, Canberra, p 18, available via: www.inlandrail.gov.au/about-us/publications-and-reports/inland-rail-regional-opportunities-ey-australia

22  Infrastructure Australia 2019, Australian Infrastructure Audit 2019, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 333, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019

23  Whitehead, J, Newman, P and Bräuni, T, 'Time to get real: Amid the hydrogen hype, let's talk about what will actually work', The Conversation, 31 August 2020, available via: www.theconversation.com/time-to-get-real-amid-the-hydrogen-hype-lets-talk-about-what-will-actually-work-144579

24  Australian Bureau of Statistics 2019, Regional population growth, Australia: Population estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018, cat. no. 3218.0, Australian Government, Canberra, available via: www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02017-18?Open%20Document

25  Terrill, M, Moran, G and Crowley, T 2020, Fast train fever: Why renovated rail might work but bullet trains won't, Grattan Institute, Melbourne, available via: www.grattan.edu.au/report/fast-train-fever/

26  Infrastructure Australia 2018, Outer urban public transport: Improving accessibility in lower-density areas, Reform Series, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, pp 32-36, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/outer-urban-public-transport-improving-accessibility-lower-density-areas

27  McNaughton, A 2020, Evidence to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Infrastructure, Transport and Cities: Options for financing faster rail, Proof Committee Hansard, Canberra, 14 September 2020, p 16, available via: www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House/ITC/Financingfasterrails/Public_Hearings

28  L.E.K. Consulting 2020, Finding the fast track for innovation in the Australasian rail industry, Australasian Railway Association, Kingston, ACT, available via: https://ara.net.au/wp-content/uploads/Report-Finding-the-fast-track-for-Australasian-rail-innovation-October-2020-1.pdf

29  Transport for NSW 2017, Regional NSW Services and Infrastructure Plan, New South Wales Government, Sydney, pp 27-28, available via: www.future.transport.nsw.gov.au/plans/regional-nsw-services-and-infrastructure-plan

30 Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure beyond COVID-19: A national study on the impacts of the pandemic on Australia, Infrastructure Australia and L.E.K. Consulting, Sydney, pp 58-62 and 66, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/Final_COVID%20Impacts%20on%20Infrastructure%20Sectors%20Report_14%20Dec%202020.pdf

31  Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth), available via: www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2016C00763

32  Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport 2002 (Cth), available via: www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2005B01059

33  Walker, J 'The transit ridership recipe: Frequency matters', n.d., Human Transit, viewed 30 July 2020, www.humantransit.org/basics/the-transit-ridership-recipe#frequency

34  Infrastructure Australia 2018, Outer urban public transport: Improving accessibility in lower-density areas, Reform Series, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, pp 32-36, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/outer-urban-public-transport-improving-accessibility-lower-density-areas

35  International Association of Public Transport (UITP) 2021, Frameworks for our networks: A review of public transport service contracts in Australia and New Zealand, UITP Australia/New Zealand, Melbourne, pp 54-55, available via: www.uitp.org/publications/frameworks-for-our-networks-a-review-of-public-transport-service-contracts-in-australia-and-new-zealand/

36  Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2020, People with disability in Australia 2019: In brief, Australian Government, Canberra, viewed 18 February 2021, www.aihw.gov.au/reports/disability/people-with-disability-in-australia-in-brief/contents/about-people-with-disablilty-in-australia-in-brief

37  United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2020, Concluding observations on the combined second and third periodic reports of Australia, p 5, available via https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3848618

38  United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2020, Concluding observations on the combined second and third periodic reports of Australia, p 5, available via https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3848618

39  Disability Standards for Accessible Public Transport 2002 (Cth), available via: www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2005B01059

40  JWS Research 2020, Community preference research to inform Multi-Criteria Analysis, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, pp 21, 91, 95, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-plan-2021

41  Infrastructure Australia 2019, Australian Infrastructure Audit 2019, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 278, available via: www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019

42  L.E.K. Consulting 2020, The fifth annual new mobility study: How consumer preference will reshape the automotive industry, unpublished data, L.E.K. Consulting, Sydney.

43  NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer 2020, Opportunities for prosperity in a decarbonised and resilient NSW: Decarbonisation innovation study, New South Wales Government, Sydney, available via: www.chiefscientist.nsw.gov.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0004/321466/Final-Report-Decarbonisatlon-Innovatlon-Study.pdf

44  Sims, R, ACCC perspectives on transport issues, speech, Australasian Transport Research Forum, 30 September 2019, available via: www.accc.gov.au/speech/accc-perspectives-on-transport-issues

45  New South Wales Government 2018, Future Transport Strategy 2056, NSW Government, Sydney, p 21, available via: www.future.transport.nsw.gov.au/plans/future-transport-strategy

46  'Michael Brennan on Australia's reform opportunities and the future of productivity', Inside Infrastructure series, podcast, Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, Sydney, accessed 29 July 2020, www.soundcloud.com/user-682520405

47  Harris, P, Infrastructure 2018 Oration, speech, Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, Sydney, 24 May 2018, available via: www.pc.gov.au/news-media/speeches/infrastructure

48  Scott, W 2020, 'Yes the UK should Introduce road pricing, but it should learn from the mistakes of the past', Milestone Solutions: Road pricing, viewed 2 March 2021, www.roadpricing.blogspot.com/2020/11/yes-uk-should-introduce-road-pricing.html

49  Terrill, M 2019, Why it's time for congestion charging: Better ways to manage busy urban roads, Grattan Institute, Melbourne, pp 11-13, available via: www.grattan.edu.au/report/why-its-time-for-congestion-charging/

50  NineSquared 2019, Transit fare benchmarking, NineSquared, Brisbane, available via: www.ninesquared.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2019-Fares-Benchmarking-Report-version-30-July-2019a.pdf