1 United Nations General Assembly 1966, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p 3, available at: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1976/01/19760103%2009-57%20PM/Ch_IV_03.pdf
2 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
3 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
4 Coalition of Peaks 2020, National Agreement on Closing the Gap, Coalition of Peaks, available via: https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/national-agreement-ctg.pdf
5 United Nations 2015, Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, United Nations, p 18.
6 L.E.K Consulting commissioned by Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure Beyond COVID-19: A national study on the impacts of the pandemic on Australia, Infrastructure Australia, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/Final_COVID%20Impacts%20on%20Infrastructure%20Sectors%20Report_14%20Dec%202020.pdf
7 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 613, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
8 Water Services Association Australia 2020, All options on the table: Urban water supply options for Australia, WSAA, Sydney, p 2.
9 Page, D and Marinoni, O 2020, 'Day Zero and pathways to water security for regional towns', CSIRO, Extreme events, issue 263, available via: https://ecos.csiro.au/day-zero-and-pathways-to-water-security-for-regional-communities/#:~:text=Day%20Zero%20 marks%20the%20day,the%20Cotter%20Dam%20during%20drought
10 ABC News 2020, Stanthorpe's water officially runs out, trucks bring supplies from dam near Warwick, ABC News, viewed 16 October 2020, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-13/stanthorpe-water-runs-out-trucks-bring-in-loads-qld/11863432
11 Audit Office of New South Wales 2020, 'Support for regional town water infrastructure', New South Wales Auditor-General's Report, New South Wales Government, Sydney, p 1.
12 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional summary: Tamworth, viewed 26 May 2021, https://dbr.abs.gov.au/region.html?lyr=lga&rgn=17310
13 ABC News 2019, After two years without rain, this town sucked a river dry, viewed 20 May 2021, https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/after-two-years-without-rain-this-town-sucked-a-river-dry-20191203-p53gft.html
14 Tasmanian Irrigation 2019, Pipeline to Prosperity: Growing Tasmania's future through irrigation, Tasmanian Government, p 1
15 Productivity Commission 2020, National Water Reform 2020 - Productivity Commission Draft Report, Productivity Commission, Canberra, p 56.
16 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2013, Water security for better lives, OECD, Paris, available at: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/water-security_9789264202405-en#page13
17 Bureau of Meteorology 2020, State of the climate 2021, viewed 1 February 2021, www.bom.gov.au/state-of-the-climate/australias-changing-climate.shtml
18 Bureau of Meteorology 2020, State of the climate 2020, Bureau of Meterology, viewed 2 March 2021, www.bom.gov.au/state-of-the-climate/australias-changing-climate.shtml
19 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 613, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
20 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney p 615, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
21 Fielding, K, Karnadewi, F, Newton, F, and Mitchell, E 2015, A national survey of Australians' water literacy and water-related attitudes, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, p 4, available at: https://watersensitivecities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/A2.3_National_survey_WaterLiteracy_web.pdf
22 Fielding, K, Karnadewi, F, Newton, F, and Mitchell, E 2015, A national survey of Australians' water literacy and water-related attitudes, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, p 4, available at: https://watersensitivecities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/A2.3_National_survey_WaterLiteracy_web.pdf
23 Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities 2015, Water literacy in Australia, Industry Note, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, p 1, available at: https://watersensitivecities.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/IN_A2-3_WaterLiteracyInAustralia.pdf
24 Maddock, L 2020, 'Australia falls behind on ESG', Investor Daily, viewed 8 February 2021, www.investordaily.com.au/markets/47236-australia-falls-behind-on-esg
25 Freyman, M, Collins, S and Barton, B 2015, An Investor handbook for water risk integration, practices and ideas shared by 35 global investors, Ceres, p 16, available via: https://www.ceres.org/sites/default/files/reports/2017-03/Ceres_ESG-WaterRisk _041515_Print.pdf
26 Freyman, M, Collins S and Barton, B 2015, An Investor handbook for water risk integration, practices and ideas shared by 35 global investors, Ceres, p 16, available via: https://www.ceres.org/sites/default/files/reports/2017-03/Ceres_ESG-WaterRisk_041515_Print.pdf
27 L.E.K Consulting commissioned by Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure Beyond COVID-19: A national study on the impacts of the pandemic on Australia, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 44, via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/Final_COVID%20Impacts%20on%20Infrastructure%20Sectors%20Report_14%20Dec%202020.pdf
28 Water Services Association of Australia 2020, All options on the table: Urban water supply options for Australia, WSAA, Sydney, p 2, available via: https://www.wsaa.asn.au/publication/all-options-table-urban-water-supply-options-australia
29 Bureau of Meteorology 2020, State of the climate 2020, Rainfall, 3 March 2021, available at: www.bom.gov.au/state-of-the-climate/australias-changing-climate.shtml
30 Environment Protection and Heritage Council, National Health and Medical Research Council and Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council 2008, Australian guidelines for water recycling augmentation of drinking water supplies, p 7, viewed 8 February 2021, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/australian-guidelines-water-recycling#block-views-block-file-attachments-content-block-1
31 Water Services Association of Australia 2020, All options on the table: Urban water supply options for Australia, WSAA, Sydney, p 29.
32 Productivity Commission 2020, Integrated urban water management: Why a good idea seems hard to implement, Productivity Commission, Canberra, p 53.
33 Cho, R 2011, 'State of the Planet, from wastewater to drinking water', Columbia Climate School, 4 April, available via: https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2011/04/04/from-wastewater-to-drinking-water/
34 Tirtajada C, and van Rensburg P, 'Drink more recycled water', Nature, 31 December 2019, available via: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03913-6?utm_source=fbk_nnc&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=naturenews&sf227261853=1
35 Australian Water Association, Water source, water security: Is it time to put recycled water back on the agenda?, Australian Water Association, viewed September 2020, https://watersource.awa.asn.au/business/assets-and-operations/water-security-put-recycled-water-on-agenda/
36 Dean, A, Fielding, K, Newton, F and Ross, H 2016, Community engagement in the water sector: An outcome-focused review of different engagement approaches, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, p 24, available via: https://govteams.sharepoint.com/sites/infrastructureaustraliaintranet/Shared%20Documents/All%20IA%20style%20guidance/IA%20Referencing%20Guidelines%20-%20as%20at%20May%202021.pdf
37 Water Services Association 2019, All options on the table - lessons from the journeys of others, WSSA, Sydney, p 6, available via: https://www.wsaa.asn.au/publication/all-options-table-lessons-journeys-others
38 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 609, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
39 SA Water 2019, Continued sensor success for SA Water's smart network, SA Water, viewed 22 May 2020, https://www.sawater.com.au/news/continued-sensor-success-for-sa-waters-smart-network
40 Water Services Association Australia 2018, Urban water governance in Australia: Submission to the Three Waters Review by the New Zealand Government, WSAA, Sydney, available at: https://www.wsaa.asn.au/sites/default/files/publication/download/Australian%20water%20reform%20insights_WSAA%20format%20-%2025102018%20for%20website.pdf
41 Parkes Shire Council, Parkes recycled water scheme, viewed 12 November 2020, https://www.parkes.nsw.gov.au/environment/water/recycled-water-scheme/
42 United Nations General Assembly 1966, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p 3, available at: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1976/01/19760103%2009-57%20PM/Ch_IV_03.pdf
43 United Nations General Assembly 2015, Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, United Nations, p 18, available via: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication
44 Coalition of Peaks 2020, National Agreement on Closing the Gap, Coalition of Peaks, available via: https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/national-agreement-ctg.pdf
45 Productivity Commission 2020, Integrated Urban Water Management: Why a good idea seems hard to implement, Productivity Commission, Canberra, p. 16, available at: https://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/water-cycle#panel
46 Sustainable Development Goals 2019, Indicator 6.1.1, Australian Government, available via: https://www.sdgdata.gov.au/goals/clean-water-and-sanitation/6.1.1#metadata1
47 Sustainable Development Goals 2019, Indicator 6.2.1, Australian Government, available via: https://www.sdgdata.gov.au/goals/clean-water-and-sanitation/6.2.1
48 Centre for Population 2020, Population Statement - overview, Australian Government, Canberra, p 8, available via: https://population.gov.au/publications/publications-population-statement.html
49 Centre for Population 2020, Population Statement - overview, Australian Government, Canberra, p 8, available via: https://population.gov.au/publications/publications-population-statement.html
50 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016, Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, viewed 15 February 2021, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features1132016
51 Productivity Commission 2020, Integrated Urban Water Management: Why a good idea seems hard to implement, Productivity Commission, Canberra, p 16, available via: https://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/water-cycle/integrated-urban-water.pdf
52 ABC News 2020, Massive boost to outdoor exercise in Sydney's green spaces during coronavirus, survey finds, viewed 7 July 2020, available via: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-28/sydneys-green-space-use-booms-during-covid-19/12400104
53 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 611, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
54 Water Services Association Australia 2017, Next gen urban water: The role of urban water in vibrant prosperous communities, WSAA, Sydney, p 3, available via: https://www.wsaa.asn.au/publication/next-gen-urban-water-case-study-4-using-water-industry-know-how-new-way
55 Productivity Commission 2020, Integrated Urban Water Management: Why a good idea seems hard to implement, Productivity Commission, Canberra, p 50, available via: https://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/water-cycle/integrated-urban-water.pdf
56 Fogarty, J and van Bueren, M 2020, A review of existing funding models, economic regulatory frameworks, polices and mechanisms, Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, p 9, available via: https://watersensitivecities.org.au/content/a-review-of-existing-funding-models-economic-regulatory-frameworks-policies-and-mechanisms/
57 Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure Priority List February 2020, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 133, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/infrastructure-priority-list-2020-august
58 Infrastructure Australia 2020, Infrastructure Priority List February 2020, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 133, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/infrastructure-priority-list-2020-august
59 Greater Sydney Commission, A cool green parkland city in the South Creek corridor, viewed 3 March 2021, https://www.greater.sydney/metropolis-of-three-cities/sustainability/city-its-landscape/cool-and-green-parkland-city-south
60 Water Services Association Australia 2019, Blue + green = liveability: The value of water to liveable communities, WSAA, Sydney, p 16, available via: https://www.wsaa.asn.au/publication/blue-green-liveability
61 Department of Health 2018, Submission to Accessibility and Quality of Mental Health Services in Rural and Remote Australia, Parliament of Australia, Canberra, p 2, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/MentalHealthServices/Report/e01
62 United Nations General Assembly 1966, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 993, p 3, available at: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1976/01/19760103%2009-57%20PM/Ch_IV_03.pdf
63 United Nations 2015, Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, United Nations, p 18, available via: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication
64 Coalition of Peaks 2020, National Agreement on Closing the Gap, Coalition of Peaks, available via: https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/national-agreement-ctg.pdf
65 Infrastructure Australia 2019, 2019 Australian Infrastructure Audit, Infrastructure Australia, Sydney, p 602, available via: https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/publications/australian-infrastructure-audit-2019
66 Coalition of Peaks 2020, National Agreement on Closing the Gap, Coalition of Peaks, available via: https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/national-agreement-ctg.pdf
67 Western Australia Auditor-General 2015, Delivering essential services to remote Aboriginal communities, Office of the Auditor General for Western Australia, Perth, p 14, available via: https://audit.wa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/report2015_08-AbServices.pdf
68 Department of Health 2014, Trachoma: National guidelines for public health units, Australian Government, viewed 17 September 2020, https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdna-song-trachoma.htm#:~:text=Australia%20is%20the%20only%20developed%20nation%20in%20the%20world%20to,the%20NT%2C%20SA%20and%20WA
69 Department of Health 2014, Trachoma: National guidelines for public health units, Australian Government, viewed 17 September 2020, https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdna-song-trachoma.htm#:~:text=Australia%20is%20 the%20only%20developed%20nation%20in%20the%20world%20to,the%20NT%2C%20SA%20and%20WA
70 Productivity Commission 2020, Overcoming Indigenous disadvantage: Key Indicators 2020, Productivity Commission, Canberra, 10.3.
71 Hall, N 2019, Water: Our most basic human right, University of Queensland, viewed 10 November 2020, https://stories.uq.edu.au/small-change/water-our-most-basic-human-right/index.html
72 CPS National, Gilghi remote area water: Off-grid containerised water treatment plant, viewed 12 February 2020, https://www.cpsnational.com.au/remote-area-water/
73 Beal, CD, Jackson, M, Stewart, RA, Fielding, K, Miller, A and Tan, PL 2019, Exploring community-based water management options for remote Australia: Final report for the Remote and Isolated Communities Essential Services Project, Griffith University, p 7.
74 Abeysuriya, K, Soeters, S, Jackson, M, Hall, N, Mukheibir, P and Beal, C 2019, Safe water and sanitation for all in remote Indigenous Australia: Exploring the roles and opportunities for the water industry, unpublished draft prepared for Water Services Association Australia, Sydney.
75 Beal, CD, Jackson, M, Stewart, RA, Fielding, K, Miller, A and Tan, PL 2019, Exploring community-based water management options for remote Australia: Final report for the Remote and Isolated Communities Essential Services Project, Griffith University, p 28.
76 Beal, CD, Jackson, M, Stewart, RA, Fielding, K, Miller, A and Tan, PL 2019, Exploring community-based water management options for remote Australia: Final report for the Remote and Isolated Communities Essential Services Project, Griffith University, p 52.