The overwhelming majority of projects that had successfully introduced initiatives stated that they were initiated jointly between the public and private sector with the bulk of schemes benefiting from private sector investment fully or partially funding their delivery. This shows the degree of willingness from both the public and private sector to engage in the process, making evident the benefit of collaboration in PPP projects in delivering successful carbon reduction measures. A common factor in this was the use of open communication forums, whether the monthly liaison meetings or dedicated energy forums, to discuss the issues to be addressed and openly discuss potential solutions.