PPP's increasingly enable the interrogation and inclusion of alternative financing sources and structures. For example, innovations may be realised in PPPs through:
1. The availability of Commonwealth funding and financing, including from independent federal agencies such as the Clean Energy Finance Corporation and the National Housing Finance and Investment Corporation.
2. The availability of alternative sources of financing which may not be available under traditional forms of procurement, including, for example, Export Credit Agencies, ESG-linked and green loans, low-cost subordinated debt, and multi-tranche securities.
3. The implementation of innovative financing and refinancing structures and risk mitigation approaches, including fixed-rate interest swaps, hedging, and alternative drawdown mechanisms.