28. Decisions taken today will be critical for the UK's ability to decarbonise in a pro-growth and low-cost way in the years leading up to 2050. They will also set the stage for the kind of economy and society we want after 2050. The UK must apply this long-term view to all of the issues raised in this Review. In particular, there are three areas that require action today, with a view to the 2040s, 2050s and beyond:
• The government, working with sectoral leads by Autumn 2023, must apply whole systems thinking to create an R&D and technology roadmap outlining the key decision points that must be made to ensure priority technologies deliver on the UK's net zero and growth ambitions
• BEIS and HMT should review how to incentivise greater R&D for net zero, including considering the role of clarity on research priorities and government support, tax credits, greater ring-fencing of R&D spend, and enabling regulations
• Government must make regulatory processes agile enough to match that of innovation by a) establishing up to three new R&D demonstrator projects, out to 2035, aligning with the ten-year missions set out by this review, and b) including in forthcoming work from the Office for Science and Technology Strategy (OSTS) how regulators can provide more opportunity for demonstrations for net zero technologies