1 Net Zero Tracker, https://zerotracker.net/ (accessed December 2022)
2 McKinsey Sustainability (2021), 'Opportunities for UK businesses in the net zero transition', https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/opportunities-for-uk-businesses-in-the-net-zero-transition
3 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy' https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy and BEIS (2022) 'British Energy Security Strategy' https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/british-energy-security-strategy/british-energy-security-strategy
4 US Department of the Treasury (2022) https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1077 (accessed December 2022)
5 Ministere de I'Europe et des Affaires étrangéres (2022), 'Press release: France Recovery Plan: Building the France of 2030', https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/economic-diplomacy-foreign- trade/promoting-france-s-attractiveness/france-relance-recovery-plan-building-the-france-of-2030/
6 European Council (2022) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/green-deal/fit-for-55-the-eu-plan-for-a-green-transition/ (accessed December 2022)
7 Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) (2021) 'Fiscal risks report 2021' https://obr.uk/fiscal-risks-report-2021-2/
8 Way, R., Ives, M. C., Mealy, P., Doyne Farmer, J. (2022) 'Empirically grounded technology forecasts and the energy transition' https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00410-X
9 Climate Change Committee (CCC) (2020) 'Economic impact of the Sixth Carbon Budget (Cambridge Econometrics)' https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/economic-impact-of-the-sixth-carbon-budget-cambridge-econometrics/
10 Analysis outlined in Pillar 5 of this report. These savings go up to £14,000 with the rebalancing and 2033 backstop policies suggested in the Review.
11 Net Zero Tracker; https://zerotracker.net/ (accessed December 2022)
12 BEIS (2022), 'Policy Paper: Contracts for Difference', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/contracts-for-difference/contract-for-difference
13 National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO) (2020), 'Historic Generation Mix and Carbon Intensity', https://data.nationalgrideso.com/carbon-intensity1/historic-generation-mix
14 Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2022), 'Worries about climate change, Great Britain: September to October 2022', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/worries-about-climate-change-great-britain-september-to-october-2022
15 McKinsey (2021), 'Opportunities for UK businesses in the net-zero transition', https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/opportunities-for-uk-businesses-in-the-net-zero-transition
16 BEIS (2022), 'Energy trends': September, June and March 2022, https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends
17 International Energy Agency (IEA) (2022), 'World Energy Outlook', https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022
18 Carbon Brief (2022), Analysis: UK's gas imports would be 13% lower if it had not 'cut the green crap', https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-uk-gas-imports-would-be-13-lower-if-it-had-not-cut-the-green- crap/#:~:text=Carbon%20Brief's%20analysis%20shows%20that,%E2%80%9Ccut%20the%20green%20cra p%E2%80%9D.
19 United Nations (2022), 'Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement - Synthesis report by the secretariat', https://unfccc.int/documents/619180
20 Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences (2021), 'Reduction in UK red and processed meat intake, but more needed to meet our climate targets', https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/news/reduction-in-uk-red-and-processed-meat-intake-but-more-needed-to-meet-our-climate-targets
21 McKinsey (2021), 'Opportunities for UK businesses in the net-zero transition', https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/opportunities-for-uk-businesses-in-the-net-zero-transition
22 Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment (2017), 'UK export opportunities in the low-carbon economy', https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/lcgs/
23 Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2022), https://about.bnef.com/
24 Onward (2021), 'Greening the Giants: Decarbonising carbon-intensive industries', https://www.ukonward.com/reports/greening-the-giants/
25 UK Parliament (2022), 'BEIS written response to the BEIS Committee's Inquiry into the Government's plans to decarbonise the UK's power supply sector'
26 Ecuity (2020), 'Local green jobs - accelerating a sustainable economic recovery', https://www.local.gov.uk/local-green-jobs-accelerating-sustainable-economic-recovery
27 Vivid Economics (2019), 'Energy Innovation Needs Assessment Overview report', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-innovation-needs-assessments
28 BEIS analysis based on the Energy Innovation Needs Analysis (2021)
29 Vivid Economics (2019), 'Energy Innovation Needs Assessment Overview report', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-innovation-needs-assessments
30 ONS (2022), 'International comparisons of UK productivity (ICP), final estimates: 2020', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/productivitymeasures/bulletins/internationa lcomparisonsofproductivityfinalestimates/2020
31 Green Alliance (2022), Climate for growth: productivity, net zero and the cost of living, https://green-alliance.org.uk/publication/climate-for-growth/
32 ONS (2022), 'Low carbon and renewable energy economy indirect estimates', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/datasets/lowcarbonandrenewableenergyeconomyindirectestimatesdataset
33 ONS (2022), 'Low carbon and renewable energy economy, UK: 2020', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/bulletins/finalestimates/2020
34 Environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) estimates, https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/datasets/ukenvironmentalgoodsandservicessectoregssestimates
35 Ecuity (2020), 'Local green jobs - accelerating a sustainable economic recovery', https://www.local.gov.uk/local-green-jobs-accelerating-sustainable-economic-recovery
36 Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) (2021), Environmental Justice Commission Final Report 'Fairness and Opportunity', https://www.ippr.org/files/2021-07/fairness-and-opportunity-final-report-summary-july21-web.pdf
37 Ecuity (2020), 'Local green jobs - accelerating a sustainable economic recovery', https://www.local.gov.uk/local-green-jobs-accelerating-sustainable-economic-recovery
38 ONS (2022), 'Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy Survey', https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforbusinesses/businesssurveys/lowcarbonandrenewableenergyeconomysurvey
39 Institute of Directors - written evidence provided to the Review
40 Imperial College Business School, IEA, (2020), 'Energy Investing: Exploring Risk and Return in the Capital Markets', https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/faculty-research/research-centres/centre-climate-finance-investment/research/energy-investing-exploring-risk-and-return-the-capital-markets/
41 Confederation of British Industry (CBI) - written evidence provided to the Review
42 RMI (2022), 'The Energy Transition Narrative', https://rmi.org/insight/the-energy-transition-narrative/
43 Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland and BEIS (2021), 'Press release: COP26: Scottish businesses among those leading world to net zero', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cop26-scottish-businesses-among-those-leading-world-to-net-zero
44 Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2022), https://about.bnef.com/
45 Ibid.
46 Ibid.
47 10 Downing Street, Department for International Trade, Office of Investment (2021), 'Press release: Investors pledge almost £10bn at UK Global Investment Summit', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/investors-pledge-almost-10bn-at-uk-global-investment-summit
48 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (2022), 'Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2022', https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Sep/Renewable-Energy-and-Jobs-Annual-Review-2022
49 Bloomberg New Energy Finance (2022)
50 Octopus Energy (2021), 'Press Release: Octopus Energy and RES boost UK green hydrogen economy with £3bn investment', https://octopus.energy/press/octopus-energy-and-res-boost-uk-green-hydrogen-economy-with-3bn-investment/
51 Bentley (2021); 'Press release: Bentley Accelerates Beyond 100 Strategy - Launching five new electric cars from 2025', https://www.bentleymedia.com/en/newsitem/1301
52 Kingfisher (2022), 'Kingfisher Responsible Business Report 2021/22', https://www.kingfisher.com/en/responsible-business/reports-publications/2022.html
53 Aviva (2021), 'Aviva's Climate Transition Plan', https://static.aviva.io/content/dam/aviva-corporate/documents/socialpurpose/pdfs/2021-climate-transition-plan.pdf
54 US Department of the Treasury (2022), 'Press release: Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen: Inflation Reduction Act Won't Raise Taxes on Families Earning Less Than $400,000/Year', https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0911
55 Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (2022), 'Press Release: 177.5 billion Euros for climate action, energy security and help with energy costs; Federal cabinet adopts spending priorities for the new Climate and Transformation Fund', https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/07/20220727-177.5-billion-Euros-for-climate-action-energy-security-and-help-with-energy-costs.html
56 Ministere de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangéres (2022), 'Press release: France Recovery Plan: Building the France of 2030', https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/economic-diplomacy-foreign- trade/promoting-france-s-attractiveness/france-relance-recovery-plan-building-the-france-of-2030/
57 Government of Canada (2022), '2022 Fall Economic Statement', https://www.budget.canada.ca/fes-eea/2022/home-accueil-en.html
58 BEIS (2021), 'Press release: UK's path to net zero set out in landmark strategy' https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uks-path-to-net-zero-set-out-in-landmark-strategy
59 Boston Consulting Group (BCG) (2022), 'US Inflation Reduction Act: Climate & Energy Features and Potential Implications', https://media-publications.bcg.com/BCG-Executive-Perspectives-US-Inflation-Reduction-Act-16August2022.pdf
60 Financial Times Article (2022), European industry pivots to US as Biden subsidy sends 'dangerous signal', https://www.ft.com (accessed December 2022)
61 Energy Watch Article (2022), 'EU accuses US of violating WTO rules with Inflation Reduction Act', https://energywatch.com/EnergyNews/Policy___Trading/article14567471.ece
62 Resolution Foundation, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), 'The Economic 2030 Inquiry (2022): Growing Clean' https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/growing-clean/
63 Ibid.
64 Climate Change Committee (2020), 'Sixth Carbon Budget', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/
65 Resolution Foundation, LSE, 'The Economic 2030 Inquiry (2022): Growing Clean' https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/growing-clean/
66 Climate Change Committee (CCC) (2020) 'Economic impact of the Sixth Carbon Budget (Cambridge Econometrics)' https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/economic-impact-of-the-sixth-carbon-budget-cambridge-econometrics/
67 Swiss Re (2021), 'The Economic of Climate Change', https://www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:e73ee7c3-7f83-4c17-a2b8-8ef23a8d3312/swiss-re-institute-expertise-publication-economics-of-climate-change.pdf
68 Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) (2021), 'Fiscal risks report 2021' https://obr.uk/fiscal-risks-report-2021-2/
69 Way, R., Ives, M. C., Mealy, P., Doyne Farmer, J. (2022), 'Empirically grounded technology forecasts and the energy transition' https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(22)00410-X
70 UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) (2022) Accelerating Net Zero Delivery: Unlocking the benefits of climate action in UK city-regions, https://www.ukri.org/publications/accelerating-net-zero-delivery/
71 Manchester City Council and the Manchester Climate Change Agency- written evidence provided to the Review
72 Nissan News, (2021), 'Press release: Nissan unveils EV36Zero - a £1bn Electric Vehicle (EV) Hub to accelerate the journey to carbon neutrality', Nissan press release
73 World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) - written evidence provided to the Review
74 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
75 Tado (2021), 'Tado Housing Survey', https://www.tado.com/gb-en/press/uk-homes-losing-heat-up-to-three-times-faster-than-european-neighbours
76 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero in the North East of England: regional transition impacts' ,
77 CCC (2020), 'Sixth Carbon Budget', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/
78 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2021), 'Press release: Plans to treble tree planting rates by the end of this Parliament to be set out by the Environment Secretary in a speech this week', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/tree-planting-rates-to-treble-by-end-of-this-parliament
79 White, M., (2019) Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44097-3
80 Department for Transport (DfT) (2021), 'Transport Decarbonisation Plan', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1009448/decarbonising-transport-a-better-greener-britain.pdf
81 DfT (2022), 'Pollutants, emissions and noise statistics', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/energy-and-environment-data-tables-env
82 European Environment Agency (EEA) (2018), 'Electric vehicles from life cycle and circular economy perspectives', https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/electric-vehicles-from-life-cycle
83 Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) (2021), 'SMMT new car market and parc outlook to 2035 by powertrain type', https://www.smmt.co.uk/2021/06/smmt-new-car-market-and-parc-outlook-to-2035-by-powertrain/
84 DfT and Active Travel England (2022), 'The second cycling and walking investment strategy (CWIS2)', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-second-cycling-and-walking-investment-strategy#:~:text=The%20second%20cycling%20and%20walking%20investment%20strategy%20(%20CWIS 2%20)%20outlines%20the,a%20longer%20journey%20by%202040.
85 Money and Pensions Service (2022), 'Press release: One in six UK adults have no savings', https://moneyandpensionsservice.org.uk/category/press-releases/
86 BEIS (2021), 'Climate change and net zero: public awareness and perceptions', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/climate-change-and-net-zero-public-awareness-and-perceptions
87 CCC (2019), 'Net Zero - the UK's contribution to stopping global warming', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/
88 CCC (2021), 'Independent Assessment: The UK's Net Zero Strategy', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/independent-assessment-the-uks-net-zero-strategy/
89 UNESCO (2022), 'The United Nations World Water Development Report 2022: groundwater: making the invisible visible', https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380721
90 HM Treasury (HMT) (2021), 'Final Report - The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/final-report-the-economics-of-biodiversity-the-dasgupta-review
91 World Economic Forum (2020) 'New Nature Economy Report Series', https://www.weforum.org/reports/new-nature-economy-report-series/
92 CCC (2021), 'Climate Risk Advice, https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/independent-assessment-of-uk-climate-risk/
93 Nigel W Arnell, Anna Freeman, Alison L Kay, Alison C Rudd and Jason A Lowe (2021) 'Indicators of climate risk in the UK at different levels of warming. Environmental Research Communications, Volume 3, Number 9. DOI 10.1088/2515-7620/ac24c0'
94 CCC (2021), 'Climate Risk Advice, https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/independent-assessment-of-uk-climate-risk/
95 UK Corporate Leaders Group (CLG UK) - written evidence provided to the Review
96 Confederation of British Industry (CBI) - written evidence provided to the Review
97 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (2022), 'Taking Stock of Progress - September 2022. First joint progress report across UN-backed global climate campaigns: Race to Resilience and Race to Zero', https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Race-to-Zero-Race-to-Resilience-Progress-Report.pdf
98 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) (2021), 'Press release Third of UK's biggest companies commit to net zero', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/third-of-uks-biggest-companies-commit-to-net-zero (accessed December 2022)
99 Stern (2022), 'Growth, net zero and levelling up: three mutually-reinforcing objectives to encourage investment in the UK', https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/news/growth-net-zero-and-levelling-up-three-mutually-reinforcing-objectives-to-encourage-investment-in-the-uk/
100 London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) - written evidence provided to the Review
101 Advisory Group on Finance CCC, 'The Road to Net-Zero Finance' (2020), https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Finance-Advisory-Group-Report-The-Road-to-Net-Zero-Finance.pdf
102 Committee of Public Accounts (2022), 'Achieving Net Zero: Follow up - Report Summary', https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5802/cmselect/cmpubacc/642/summary.html
103 E3G (2022), ' Investors managing £3 trillion in assets call on UK government to deliver Net Zero Investment Plan', https://www.e3g.org/news/investors-managing-3-trillion-in-assets-call-on-uk-government-to-deliver-net-zero-investment-plan/
104 Barclays - written evidence provided to the Review
105 Societe Generale - written evidence provided to the Review
106 Lewisham Council - written evidence provided to the Review
107 Hydrogen UK - written evidence provided to the Review
108 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2016), 'Levy Control Framework (LCF)', https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/levy-control-framework-lcf
109 Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment (2021), 'Seizing sustainable growth opportunities from carbon capture, usage and storage in the UK'
110 Cornwall Council - written evidence provided to the Review
111 Business in the Community - written evidence provided to the Review
112 Hardy and Sandys (2022), 'Anticipating customer-centred zero-carbon energy business models', Nature Energy 7(393-385), https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01003-y
113 L. Sandys, J. Hardy, Anticipating customer-centred zero-carbon energy business models (2022)
114 Kent County Council - written evidence provided to the Review
115 Green Homes Grant Voucher Scheme, https://www.nao.org.uk/reports/green-homes-grant/ (accessed December 2022)
116 Climate Change Committee (2022), 'Current programmes will not deliver Net Zero', https://www.theccc.org.uk/2022/06/29/current-programmes-will-not-deliver-net-zero/
117 UK 100 network of local government leaders - written evidence provided to the Review
118 Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, the Centre for Economic Performance, the Programme on Innovation and Diffusion, the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy and the Place-based Climate Action Network
119 Institute for Government (2022), 'Passing the net zero test',
https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/net-zero-test
120 Council for Science and Technology (2020), 'Achieving net zero through a whole systems approach - Letter to HM Government',
121 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
122 Ipsos (2021), 'Public support majority of net zero policies ... unless there is a personal cost', https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/public-support-majority-net-zero-policies-unless-there-is-a-personal-cost (accessed December 2022)
123 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, internal analysis
124 Committee of Public Accounts (2022), 'Achieving Net Zero: Follow up - Report Summary', https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5802/cmselect/cmpubacc/642/summary.html
125 Climate Change Committee (2022), 'Current programmes will not deliver Net Zero', https://www.theccc.org.uk/2022/06/29/current-programmes-will-not-deliver-net-zero/
126 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022), 'Energy and Emissions Projections 2021 to 2040' https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-and-emissions-projections-2021-to-2040
127 Office for National Statistics (2022), 'Gross Domestic Product (GDP)', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp (accessed December 2022)
128 BBC News (2022), 'Recession looms as UK economy starts to shrink', https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-63582201 (accessed December 2022)
129 HM Treasury (2022), 'Environmental impacts: analysis to accompany Autumn Budget and Spending Review 2021', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/environmental-impacts-of-spending-review- 2021/environmental-impacts-analysis-to-accompany-autumn-budget-and-spending-review-2021
130 World Economic Forum (2022), 'How 4 leading companies are tackling supply chain emissions',
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/11/scope3-supply-chain-emissions-cop27-ikea-philips-zf-unilever/
131 Business in the Community - written evidence provided to the Review
132 RE 24 Energy - written evidence provided to the Review
133 Johnson Matthey - written evidence provided to the Review
134 Box 4 on p. 10, HMT, BEIS and Department for Work and Pensions (2021), 'Greening Finance: A Roadmap to Sustainable Investing',
135 HMT (2021), 'Greening Finance: A Roadmap to Sustainable Investing', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1031805/CCS0821102722-006_Green_Finance_Paper_2021_v6_Web_Accessible.pdf
136 Association for Financial Markets in Europe - written evidence provided to the Review
137 Societe Generale - written evidence provided to the Review
138 Bloomberg Terminal, ELUBDAHD Index - Last Price, CO1 Comdty - Last Price, XA1 Comdty - Last Price, NBPGDAHD Index - Last Price. (accessed December 2022)
139 International Energy Agency (IEA) (2022), 'World Energy Outlook 2022', https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022
140 Ibid.
141 Ember Climate (2022), 'A path out of the gas crisis', https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/uk-gas-power-phase-out/#benefits-of-getting-off-gas
142 Ibid.
143 National Grid Electricity System Operator (2022), 'Future Energy Scenarios 2022', https://www.nationalgrideso.com/future-energy/future-energy-scenarios
144 Climate Change Committee (2020), 'The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK's path to Net Zero',
145 IEA (2018), 'The Future of Petrochemicals', https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-petrochemicals
146 Ibid. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-petrochemicals
147 North Sea Transition Authority (NSTA) - written evidence provided to the Review
148 Reuters (2022), 'Centrica reopens UK's rough gas storage site in time for winter',
https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/british-gas-owner-centrica-reopens-rough-gas-storage-site-2022-10-28/ (accessed December 2022)
149 NSTA (2020), 'North Sea gas has lower carbon footprint than imported LNG',
https://www.nstauthority.co.uk/news-publications/news/2020/north-sea-gas-has-lower-carbon-footprint-than-imported-lng/ (accessed December 2022)
150 Ibid.
151 IEA (2021), 'The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions', https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions/executive-summary
152 IEA (2022), 'World Energy Outlook 2022', https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022
153 Royal Academy of Engineering - written evidence provided to the Review
154 See Faraday Institution (2020), 'UK electric vehicle and battery production potential to 2040', https://faraday.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/2040_Gigafactory_Report_FINAL.pdf
155 Ibid.
156 British Metals Recycling Association - written evidence provided to the Review
157 Royal Academy of Engineering - written evidence provided to the review
158 International Energy Agency (2020), Charts and Data.
159 IEA (2022), 'World Energy Outlook 2022', https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022
160 Ibid.
161 Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) - written evidence provided to the Review
162 See Green Lithium, https://greenlithium.co.uk/uk-gov (accessed December 2022)
163 British Metals Recycling Association - written evidence provided to the Review
164 National Grid - written evidence provided to the Review
165 National Grid Electricity System Operator (2021), 'Modelled Constraint Costs: NOA 2020/21', https://www.nationalgrideso.com/documents/194436-modelled-constraint-costs-noa-202021
166 Figures are undiscounted.
167 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and Ofgem (2022), 'Electricity Networks Strategic Framework', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/electricity-networks-strategic-framework
168 BP - written evidence provided to the Review
169 BEIS and Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street (2022), 'British Energy Security Strategy',
170 Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) (2022), 'Levelling the playing field: Aligning heating energy taxes and levies in Europe with climate goals', https://www.raponline.org/knowledge-center/aligning-heating-energy-taxes-levies-europe-climate-goals/
171 BEIS (2022): 'Energy emissions projections: 2021 to 2040',
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-and-emissions-projections-2021-to-2040
172 BloombergNEF (2022), 2H 2022 LCOE Update https://www.bnef.com/insights/30289
173 Bloomberg (2020), 'Solar and Wind Cheapest Sources of Power in Most of the World',
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-28/solar-and-wind-cheapest-sources-of-power-in-most-of-the-world?leadSource=uverify%20wall (accessed December 2022)
174 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (2022), 'Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021', https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Jul/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2021
175 IEA (2021), 'World Energy Outlook 2021', https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021
176 Energy UK - written evidence provided to the Review
177 Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2022), 'Low Energy UK - written evidence provided to the Review carbon and renewable energy economy, UK: 2020',
https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/bulletins/finalestimates/2020 (accessed December 2022)
178 Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) (2022), 'Energy Transition Investment Trends 2022'.
https://about.bnef.com/energy-transition-investment/
179 IEA and the Centre for Climate Finance & Investment (2021), 'Clean Energy Investing: Global Comparison of Investment', https://www.iea.org/reports/clean-energy-investing-global-comparison-of-investment-returns
180 EY (2022), 'Does the need for energy security challenge the quest for net zero? Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index, 59th edition', https://assets.ey.com/content/dam/ey-sites/ey-com/en_gl/topics/power- and-utilities/ey-recai-59-edition-full-report-may-2022.pdf
181 Net Zero Review Analysts of IRENA (2021), 'Country Rankings' https://www.irena.org/Data/View-data-by-topic/Capacity-and-Generation/Country-Rankingsv
182 IEA (2021), 'Net Zero by 2050', https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
183 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
184 National Grid (2020), 'Building the Net Zero Workforce', https://www.nationalgrid.com/stories/journey-to-net-zero/net-zero-energy-workforce
185 Ibid.
186 BEIS (2022), 'Energy Trends: UK Renewables', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-trends-section-6-renewables (accessed December 2022)
187 BEIS (2022), 'Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES): electricity', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/electricity-chapter-5-digest-of-united-kingdom-energy-statistics-dukes (accessed December 2022)
188 See for example IRENA, 'Country Rankings', https://www.irena.org/Data/View-data-by-topic/Capacity-and-Generation/Country-Rankings (accessed December 2022)
189 Association for Renewable Energy and Clean Technology (REA) (2022), 'REview22', https://www.r-e-a.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/REview_9.11.22_FINAL1.pdf
190 Ibid.
191 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
192 Global Wind Energy Council (2022), 'New global alliance taps into offshore wind's enormous potential', https://gwec.net/new-global-alliance-taps-into-offshore-wind-enormous-potential (accessed December 2022)
193 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
194 UK Corporate Leaders Group (CLG UK) - written evidence provided to the Review
195 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
196 REA - written evidence provided to the Review
197 Ibid.
198 Ibid.
199 BEIS, 'Offshore wind: Sector Deal', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/offshore-wind-sector-deal (accessed December 2022)
200 Offshore Wind Growth Partnership, https://owgp.org.uk/ (accessed December 2022)
201 Ibid.
202 Ibid.
203 Energy UK - written evidence provided to the Review
204 National Grid - written evidence provided to the Review
205 SSE - written evidence provided to the Review
206 Association for Renewable Energy and Clean Technology (REA) - written evidence provided to the Review
207 RWE - written evidence provided to the Review
208 BP - written evidence provided to the Review
209 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
210 RWE - written evidence provided to the Review
211 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
212 BEIS (2022), 'Renewable Energy Planning Database: quarterly extract', https://www.gov.uk/govemment/publications/renewable-energy-planning-database-monthly-extract (accessed December 2022)
213 Ibid.
214 Energy UK - written evidence provided to the Review
215 RenewableUK - written evidence provided to the Review
216 Ibid.
217 Ibid.
218 National Grid - written evidence provided to the Review
219 Ibid.
220 European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) - written evidence provided to the Review
221 International Atomic Energy Agency (2022), The Database on Nuclear Power Reactors https://pris.iaea.org/pris/home.aspx
222 See, for example, Energy Technology Institute (2019), 'Update to the role for nuclear in UK's transition to a low carbon economy', https://d2umxnkyjne36n.cloudfront.net/insightReports/Update-to-the-role-for-Nuclear-in-UKs-Transition-to-a-low-carbon-economy_ETI.pdf?mtime=20190618100536
223 EDF - written evidence provided to the Review
224 Sizewell C - written evidence provided to the Review
225 Rolls Royce - written evidence provided to the Review
226 EDF - written evidence provided to the Review
227 Ibid.
228 Smart Energy Research Lab (2022): Energy use in GB domestic buildings 2021. Variation in annual, seasonal, and diurnal gas and electricity use with weather, building and occupant characteristics. (SERL Statistical Reports: Volume 1), https://serl.ac.uk/key-documents/reports/
229 BEIS (2021), 'Transitioning to a net zero energy system: smart systems and flexibility',
230 Ibid.
231 BEIS and Ofgem (2021), 'Transitioning to a Net Zero Energy System. Smart Systems and Flexibility Plan 2021', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transitioning-to-a-net-zero-energy-system-smart-systems-and-flexibility-plan-2021
232 BP - written evidence provided to the Review
233 General Electric - written evidence provided to the Review
234 SSE - written evidence provided to the Review
235 National Grid Electricity System Operator (2022), 'Future Energy Scenarios 2022', https://www.nationalgrideso.com/future-energy/future-energy-scenarios
236 Ibid
237 BEIS Ofgem (2021), 'Transitioning to a Net Zero Energy System. Smart Systems and Flexibility Plan 2021', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transitioning-to-a-net-zero-energy-system-smart-systems-and- flexibility-plan-2021
238 EDF - written evidence provided to the Review
239 BEIS (2022), 'Energy Security Bill factsheet: Smart metering', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-security-bill-factsheets/energy-security-bill-factsheet-smart-metering
240 National Grid Electricity System Operator (2022), 'Future Energy Scenarios 2022', https://www.nationalgrideso.com/future-energy/future-energy-scenarios
241 Octopus Energy - Data sent directly to the review team.
242 Octopus Energy - written evidence provided to the Review
243 Octopus Energy (2022), 'How much can you save with a heat pump?', https://octopus.energy/blog/heat-pump-running-cost/ (accessed December 2022)
244 BEIS (2022), 'Energy Security Bill factsheet: Smart metering', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-security-bill-factsheets/energy-security-bill-factsheet-smart-metering
245 Ofgem, 'Electricity settlement reform' https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/energy-policy-and-regulation/policy-and-regulatory-programmes/electricity-settlement-reform (accessed December 2022)
246 Hydrogen Council (2021), 'Hydrogen Insights An updated perspective on hydrogen investment, market development and momentum in China', https://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Hydrogen-Insights-July-2021-Executive-summary.pdf
247 Shell - written evidence provided to the Review
248 BEIS (2022), Hydrogen Investor Roadmap, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-investor-roadmap-leading-the-way-to-net-zero
249 European Commission (2020), 'A Hydrogen Strategy for a climate-neutral Europe'
250 Octopus Hydrogen (2022), 'Octopus Hydrogen and GeoPura partner to accelerate the displacement of diesel generators', https://www.octohydrogen.com/press-releases/octopus-hydrogen-and-geopura-accelerate-displacement-of-diesel-generators
251 Goldman Sachs (2020), 'Green Hydrogen: The next transformational driver of the Utilities industry', https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/pages/gs-research/green-hydrogen/report.pdf
252 BEIS (2022), 'Supply Chains to Support a Hydrogen Economy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/supply-chains-to-support-a-uk-hydrogen-economy
253 Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult (2020), 'Offshore wind and hydrogen: solving the integration challenge', https://ore.catapult.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Solving-the-Integration-Challenge-ORE-Catapultr.pdf
254 Johnson Matthey - written evidence provided to the Review
255 BEIS (2021), 'Hydrogen Production Costs', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-production-costs-2021
256 Hydrogen Council (2017) - Hydrogen scaling up - a sustainable pathway for the global energy transition
257 Amion Consulting (2018) - Potential Economic Impacts of the HyNet North West Project
258 BEIS (2020), 'Business Models for Low Carbon Hydrogen Production',
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/business-models-for-low-carbon-hydrogen-production
259 Hydrogen UK - written evidence provided to the Review
260 Verbal evidence provided to the Review
261 Hydrogen UK - written evidence provided to the Review
262 National Engineering Policy Centre (2021), 'The role of hydrogen in the net zero energy system', https://raeng.org.uk/media/tkphxfwy/the-role-of-hydrogen-in-the-net-zero-energy-system.pdf
263 Motive Fuels - written evidence provided to the Review
264 SSE - written evidence provided to the Review
265 Hydrogen UK (2022), 'Hydrogen Accelerators', https://hydrogen-uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/HUK_Hydrogen-Accelerators_onlineFINAL.pdf
266 National Grid - written evidence provided to the Review
267 Caglayan et al. (2019), 'Technical potential of salt caverns for hydrogen storage in Europe', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45(11), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360319919347299
268 BEIS (2022), 'Benefits of long duration electricity storage', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/benefits-of-long-duration-electricity-storage
269 Hydrogen Council and McKinsey & Company (2022), 'Hydrogen Insights 2022. An updated perspective on hydrogen market development and actions required to unlock hydrogen at scale', https://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Hydrogen-Insights-2022-2.pdf
270 UK H2 Mobility - written evidence provided to the Review
271 Airbus (2022), 'Launch of Hydrogen South West consortium to accelerate the transition to a net zero future', https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2022-06-launch-of-hydrogen-south-west-consortium-to-accelerate-the (accessed December 2022)
272 BEIS (2022), 'Renewable electricity capacity and generation (ET 6.1 - quarterly)', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1107457/ ET_6.1_SEP_22.xlsx (accessed December 2022)
273 BEIS (2022), 'Liquid biofuels for transport consumption (ET 6.2 - quarterly)', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1107458/ ET_6.2_SEP_22.xlsx (accessed December 2022)
274 BEIS (2022), 'Renewables' shares of aggregated energy balances and gross final consumption for electricity, heat, transport, and overall renewables (DUKES 6.5)', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1094497/ DUKES_6.5.xlsx (accessed December 2022)
275 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy. Build Back Greener', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
276 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), 'Crops Grown For Bioenergy in the UK: 2019', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/943264/n onfood-statsnotice2019-10dec20v3.pdf. Table 5 shows that miscanthus production growth in the UK since 2014 has grown by 17%. Meanwhile, its usage in power plants has more than doubled (Figure 9).
277 NSTA (2022), 'Production and expenditure projections', https://www.nstauthority.co.uk/data-centre/data-downloads-and-publications/production-projections/
278 NSTA (2022), 'Emissions Monitoring Report 2022', https://www.nstauthority.co.uk/news-publications/publications/2022/emissions-monitoring-report-2022/
279 Ibid.
280 Offshore Energies UK (2021), 'OEUK Methane Action Plan 2021', https://oeuk.org.uk/product/methane-action-plan-2021/#:~:text=This%20document%20highlights%20the%20actions,even%20in%20a%20mature%20basin.
281 NSTA (2022), 'Emission Monitoring Report', https://www.nstauthority.co.uk/media/8439/emr-2022-final- v2.pdf
282 Climate Change Committee (2022), 'Progress in reducing emissions: 2022 Report to Parliament', https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Progress-in-reducing-emissions-2022-Report-to-Parliament.pdf
283 NSTA (2022), 'Emission Monitoring Report', https://www.nstauthority.co.uk/media/8439/emr-2022-final-v2.pdf
Climate Change Committee (2020), 'The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK's path to Net Zero',
284 Ibid.
285 Fankhauser et al. (2022), 'The meaning of net zero and how to get it right', Nature Climate Change, Vol 12
286 Jenkins et al (2021), 'Upstream decarbonization through a carbon takeback obligation: An affordable backstop climate policy', https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.10.012
287 Klenert et al. (2018), 'Making Carbon Pricing Work for Citizens', Nature Climate Change, 8, pp. 669-667
288 NSTA (2022), 'Emission Monitoring Report', https://www.nstauthority.co.uk/media/8439/emr-2022-final-v2.pdf
289 Climate Change Committee (2022), 'Progress in reducing emissions: 2022 Report to Parliament', https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Progress-in-reducing-emissions-2022-Report-to-Parliament.pdf
290 S&P Global Commodity Insights (2022), https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/ci/research-analysis/the-ghg-intensity-of-the-north-sea.html S&P Global Commodity Insights (2022), The GHG intensity of the North Sea https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/ci/research-analysis/the-ghg-intensity-of-the-north-sea.html
291 NSTA - written evidence provided to the Review
292 CCSA - written evidence provided to the Review
293 NSTA - written evidence provided to the Review
294 Fankhauser et al. (2022), 'The meaning of net zero and how to get it right', Nature Climate Change, Vol 12
295 Modelled pathways included in the Net Zero Strategy or CCC's modelling.
296 BEIS (2021), 'Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy',
297 Climate Change Committee (CCC) (2021), 'Net Zero - The UK's contribution to stopping global warming', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/net-zero-the-uks-contribution-to-stopping-global-warming/
298 Energy Technologies Institute (ETI) (2016), 'Strategic UK CCS Storage Appraisal Project. WP3 Initial Screening and Downselect Report',
299 CCSA - written evidence provided to the Review
300 Grantham Institute (2021), 'Seizing sustainable growth opportunities from carbon capture, usage and storage in the UK', https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/seizing-sustainable-growth-opportunities-from-carbon-capture-usage-and-storage-in-the-uk/
301 Vivid Economics (2019), 'Energy Innovation Needs Assessment: Carbon capture, utilisation and storage', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/845655/energy-innovation-needs-assessment-ccus.pdf
302 BEIS (2022), 'Call for evidence on the future policy framework for the delivery of power with Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage',
303 Tata Chemicals Europe, 'Carbon Capture & Utilisation', https://www.tatachemicalseurope.com/about-us/carbon-capture-utilisation (accessed December 2022)
304 BEIS (2022), 'CCUS Investor Roadmap',
305 BEIS (2021), 'Cluster sequencing for carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS) deployment: Phase-1', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cluster-sequencing-for-carbon-capture-usage-and-storage-ccus-deployment-phase-1-expressions-of-interest
306 SSE - written evidence provided to the Review
307 BP - written evidence provided to the Review
308 Storegga - written evidence provided to the Review
309 Forbes (2022), 'ExxonMobil's New Carbon Capture Project Shows Quick Impacts From the Inflation Reduction Act', https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/2022/10/13/exxonmobils-new-carbon-capture-project-shows-quick-impacts-from-the-inflation-reduction-act/ (accessed December 2022)
310 CCSA (2022), 'CCUS Delivery Plan 2035', https://www.ccsassociation.org/resources/download/?id=2152
311 Exxon Mobil - written evidence provided to the Review
312 Shell - written evidence provided to the Review
313 CCSA - written evidence provided to the Review
314 BP - written evidence provided to the Review
315 Verbal evidence provided to the Review - CCUS roundtable
316 See Figure 0.1 'Removals will be needed to achieve net zero' in National Infrastructure Commission (2021) 'Engineered greenhouse gas removals', https://nic.org.uk/app/uploads/NIC-July-2021-Engineered-Greenhouse-Gas-Removals-UPDATED.pdf
Climate Change Committee (2020), 'The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK's path to Net Zero', https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-Sixth-Carbon-Budget-The-UKs-path-to-Net-Zero.pdf
317 CO2RE - written evidence provided to the Review
318 BEIS (2022), 'Greenhouse gas removals (GGR) business models', www.gov.uk/government/consultations/greenhouse-gas-removals-ggr-business-models
319 Drax and Vivid Economics (2021), 'Capturing Carbon at Drax: Delivering Jobs, Clean growth and Levelling up the Humber', https://www.drax.com/carbon-capture/capturing-carbon-at-drax-delivering-jobs-clean-growth-and-levelling-up-the-humber/#chapter-1
320 CO2RE - written evidence provided to the Review
321 ONS, Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy Survey, 2022 (2020 data).
322 BEIS (2022), 'Press release: Green jobs delivery steps up a gear', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/green-jobs-delivery-steps-up-a-gear
323 ONS (2021): Foreign-owned businesses in the UK non-financial business economy: 2019
324 McKinsey Sustainability (2021), 'Opportunities for UK businesses in the net zero transition', https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/opportunities-for-uk-businesses-in-the-net-zero-transition
325 RMI, The Energy Transition Narrative (2022)
326 UN Global Compact (2018) 'The Ambition Loop: How business and government can advance policies that fast track zero-carbon economic growth', https://www.unglobalcompact.org/library/5648
327 Industrial manufacturer - written evidence provided to the Review
328 The Lighting Industry Association - written evidence provided to the Review
329 The White House (2022), 'Fact Sheet: How the Inflation Reduction Act Will Help Small Businesses', https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/12/fact-sheet-how-the-inflation-reduction-act-will-help-small-businesses/#:~:text=The%20Inflation%20Reduction%20Act%20will%20reduce%20costs%20for%20small% 20businesses,Small%20Business%20Health%20Care%20Costs
330 Government of Canada (2022), '2022 Fall Economic Statement', https://www.budget.canada.ca/fes-eea/2022/home-accueil-en.html
331 The White House (2022), 'Fact Sheet: How the Inflation Reduction Act Will Help Small Businesses', https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/12/fact-sheet-how-the-inflation-reduction-act-will-help-small-businesses/#:~:text=The%20Inflation%20Reduction%20Act%20will%20reduce%20costs%20for%20small% 20businesses,Small%20Business%20Health%20Care%20Costs
332 National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) (2021), 'The Long-Run Investment Effect of Taxation in OECD Countries', https://www.niesr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/NIESR-DP-527-4.pdf
333 Institute for Government (2022), 'Business Investment: Not just one big problem', https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/business-investment
334 Abundance Investment - written evidence provided to the Review
335 University of Derby Business School - written evidence provided to the Review
336 CBI (2022), 'A super deduction successor could trigger £40bn-a-year boost for UK business investment', https://www.cbi.org.uk/media-centre/articles/a-super-deduction-successor-could-trigger-40bn-a-year-boost-for-uk-business-investment/
337 ABB Ltd - written evidence provided to the Review
338 CBI (2021), 'A fair business rates system that rewards investment', https://www.cbi.org.uk/our-campaigns/a-fair-business-rates-system-that-rewards-investment/
339 Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) - written evidence provided to the Review
340 CBI (2021), 'CBI & 40 trade associations issue statement on business rates, saying action on investment needed at Budget', https://www.cbi.org.uk/media-centre/articles/cbi-40-trade-associations-issue-statement- on-business-rates-saying-action-on-investment-needed-at-budget/
341 Vivid Economics (2020), 'Energy Innovation Needs Assessment: overview report', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/845652/energy-innovation-needs-assessment-overview-report.pdf
342 Research includes, for example, LSE and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment (2021), 'Are "green" jobs good jobs? How lessons from the experience to-date can inform labour market transitions of the future', https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/are-green-jobs-good-jobs-how-lessons-from-the-experience-to-date-can-inform-labour-market-transitions-of-the-future/
343 Vivid Economics (2019), 'Energy Innovation Needs Assessment - Overview Report', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/845652/e nergy-innovation-needs-assessment-overview-report.pdf
344 BEIS (2021) 'Green Jobs Taskforce Report', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/green-jobs- taskforce-report
345 Green Alliance (2021), 'Jobs for a green recovery: levelling up through nature', https://green-alliance.org.uk/publication/jobs-for-a-green-recovery/
346 Dasgupta, P. (2021), 'The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review'
347 LSE and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, forthcoming analysis
348 The Green Jobs Barometer measures the relative performance of UK regions on their progress delivering green jobs.
349 PwC, 'Green Jobs Barometer', https://www.pwc.co.uk/who-we-are/our-purpose/building-trust-in-the-climate-transition/supporting-a-fair-transition/green-jobs-barometer.html (accessed December 2022)
350 Onward (2021) 'Qualifying for the race to net zero: the labour market challenge', https://www.ukonward.com/reports/net-zero-labour-market-challenge-report/
351 Kingfisher - written evidence provided to the Review
352 Federation of Master Builders (2021), 'Shortages of materials and skills are holding builders back', https://www.fmb.org.uk/resource/shortages-of-materials-and-skills-are-holding-builders-back.html
353 Kingfisher - written evidence provided to the Review
354 Venture capital firm - verbal evidence provided at a roundtable hosted by the Review
355 BEIS (2021) 'Green Jobs Taskforce Report', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/green-jobs-taskforce-report
356 Ibid.
357 Onward (2021), 'Qualifying for the race to net zero: the labour market challenge', https://www.ukonward.com/reports/net-zero-labour-market-challenge-report/
358 ONS (2021), 'The challenges of defining a "green job"', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/methodologies/thechallengesofdefiningagreenjob#main-challenges-and-future-direction-of-work
359 House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee (2021), 'Green Jobs - Third Report of Session 2021-22', https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/7615/documents/79773/default/
360 CBI - written evidence provided to the Review
361 Engineering UK (2020), 'Engineering UK 2020: Educational pathways into engineering', https://www.engineeringuk.com/media/196594/engineering-uk-report-2020.pdf
362 BEIS analysis, provided to the Review
363 Ibid.
364 Conservatives (2019), 'Conservative Manifesto 2019', https://www.conservatives.com/our-plan (accessed December 2022)
365 BEIS analysis, provided to the Review
366 C40 cities (2020), https://www.c40knowledgehub.Org/s/article/The-Multiple-Benefits-of-Deep-Retrofits-A-toolkit-for-cities?language=en_US
367 Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) (2021), 'FSB tax Survey 2021', https://www.fsb.org.uk/resource-report/a-duty-to-reform.html
368 British Business Bank (2021), 'Small businesses and the transition to net zero', https://www.british-business-bank.co.uk/research/smaller-businesses-and-the-transition-to-net-zero/
369 Ibid.
370 Scope Zero - written evidence provided to the Review
371 Construction Leadership Council, CO2nstructZero (2021): 'CO2nstruct Zero Business Champions Overview', https://www.constructionleadershipcouncil.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/CLC-Press-Release-06-May-2021-Constructions-Net-Zero-Carbon-Business-Champions-Announced.pdf
372 Written evidence provided to the Review
373 Zero Emissions Enterprise (ZEE) Network - written evidence provided to the Review
374 FSB - written evidence provided to the Review
375 Zero Emissions Enterprise (ZEE) Network - written evidence provided to the Review
376 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2020), 'How effective are R&D tax incentives?', https://www.oecd.org/sti/microberd-rd-tax-incentives-policy-note.pdf
377 University of York, BioYorkshire - written evidence provided to the Review
378 Engineering company - written evidence provided to the Review
379 Scope Zero - written evidence provided to the Review
380 ONS (2021), 'UK business action on net zero and historical energy use',
381 British Business Bank (2021), 'Small businesses and the transition to net zero', https://www.british-business-bank.co.uk/research/smaller-businesses-and-the-transition-to-net-zero/
382 Carbon Trust (2020), 'SMEs and Energy Efficiency', https://www.carbontrust.com/our-work-and-impact/guides-reports-and-tools/smes-and-energy-efficiency
383 FSB - written evidence provided to the Review
384 McKinsey & Company (2022), 'McKinsey's Global Banking Annual Review', https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/global-banking-annual-review
385 London Stock Exchange - written evidence provided to the Review
386 BloombergNEF data, accessed on 01/12/2022
387 The Investment Association (2021), 'Investment Management Survey', https://www.theia.org/media/press-releases/investment-management-survey-assets-under-management-hit-ps10-trillion-2021
388 Long Finance & Financial Centre Futures (2022), 'The Global Green Finance Index 10',
389 Make UK - written evidence provided to the Review
390 Ibid.
391 Ibid.
392 BEIS (2022), 'Non-domestic National Energy Efficiency Data Framework, 2022',
393 MakeUK (2022), 'MakeUK Manufacturing Monitor', https://www.makeuk.org/-/media/make-uk-manufacturing-monitor-280222.pdf
394 Make UK - written evidence provided to the Review
395 Ibid.
396 Ibid.
397 Energy Intensive Users' Group and Manufacturers' Climate Change Group - written evidence provided to the Review
398 McKinsey (2020), 'Plugging in: What electrification can do for industry',
399 Ibid.
400 Lonergan, Sawers (2022), 'Supercharge Me: Net Zero Faster'
401 European Commission), 'Commission makes additional proposals to fight high energy prices and ensure security of supply' https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_6225
402 UK Green Building Council (2021), 'Net Zero Whole Life Carbon Roadmap: A Pathway for the UK Built Environment', https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-whole-life-roadmap-for-the-built-environment/
403 Construction Industry Training Board (CITB) (2021), 'Buildings skills for net zero', https://www.citb.co.uk/media/kkpkwc42/building_skills_net_zero_full_report.pdf
404 Construction Leadership Council, written evidence provided to the Review
405 UK Green Building Council, written evidence provided to the Review
406 Construction Leadership Council - written evidence provided to the Review
407 Construction firm - verbal evidence provided at a roundtable hosted by the Review
408 Construction Leadership Council - written evidence provided to the Review
409 Ibid.
410 Landec - written evidence provided to the Review
411 Construction Equipment Association (2022), 'Press release: UK imports and exports of construction equipment - Q2 2022', https://thecea.org.uk/market-info/uk-imports-and-exports-of-construction-equipment-q2-2022/
412 Construction Leadership Council (2021), 'Greening Our Existing Homes: A National Retrofit Strategy', https://www.constructionleadershipcouncil.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Construction-Leadership-Council-National-Retrofit-Strategy-Version-2.pdf
413 Construction Products Association - written evidence submitted to the Review
414 Defra, Environment Agency (2018), 'Resources and waste strategy for England', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/resources-and-waste-strategy-for-england
415 Defra - evidence provided to the Review
416 Defra (2011) 'Guidance on applying the waste hierarchy',
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-applying-the-waste-hierarchy
417 Green Alliance (2018), 'Less in, more out: using resource efficiency to cut carbon and benefit the economy', https://green-alliance.org.uk/publication/less-in-more-out/
418 British Plastics Federation (2021), 'Exporting plastic waste for recycling', https://www.bpf.co.uk/press/exporting-plastic-waste-for-recycling.aspx
419 Greenpeace (2021), 'Trashed: how the UK is still dumping plastic waste on the rest of the world',
https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/resources/trashed-plastic-report/
420 Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) - written evidence provided to the Review
421 BEIS (2022), 'Resilience for the Future: The UK's Critical Minerals Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-critical-mineral-strategy/resilience-for-the-future-the-uks-critical-minerals-strategy
422 Verbal evidence from roundtables hosted by the Review
423 Cambridge Econometrics for Defra (2022), 'Economic analysis of policy pathways for increasing resource productivity', https://www.camecon.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CLEAN-Macroeconomic-Analysis-of-Policy-Pathways-for-Increasing-Resource-Productivity-1.pdf
424 Green Alliance - written evidence provided to the Review
425 WRAP (2021), 'Delivering climate ambition through a more circular economy', https://wrap.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-12/Delivering%20climate%20ambition%20through%20a%20more%20circular%20economy.pdf
426 WRAP (2021), 'Levelling up through a more circular economy', https://wrap.org.uk/sites/default/files/2022-06/LEVELLING%20UP%20THROUGH%20A%20MORE%20CIRCULAR%20ECONOMY__2.pdf
427 Oakdene Hollins for Defra (2017) UK Green Economy Evidence - Summary
428 WRAP - written evidence provided to the Review
429 Aldersgate Group (2022), 'The green line: a route out of crisis and towards prosperity',
430 Association for Renewable Energy & Clean Technology (REA) - written evidence provided to the Review
431 BEIS - written evidence provided to the Review
432 Defra (2018), 'Resources and waste strategy for England',
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/resources-and-waste-strategy-for-england
433 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
434 Environment Act (2021) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2021/30/contents/enacted
435 Merseyside Recycling and Waste Authority - written evidence provided to the Review
436 Suez R&R UK ltd. - written evidence provided to the Review
437 Business in the Community - written evidence provided to the Review
438 Environmental Services Association - written evidence provided to the Review
439 Verbal evidence provided at circular economy roundtable hosted by the Review
440 The Waste and Resources Action Programme
441 Department for Transport (DfT) (2021). 'Decarbonising Transport: A better, greener Britain', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transport-decarbonisation-plan
442 DfT (2022), 'Decarbonising transport: one-year-on review', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/decarbonising-transport-one-year-on-review
443 DfT (2022), 'Transport and environment statistics 2022', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/transport-and-environment-statistics-2022/transport-and-environment-statistics-2022
444 DfT (2021). 'Decarbonising Transport: A better, greener Britain', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transport-decarbonisation-plan
445 Ibid.
446 SMMT - written evidence provided to the Review
447 Ibid.
448 Sustainable Aviation - written evidence provided to the Review
449 Maritime UK - written evidence provided to the Review
450 Airlines UK - written evidence provided to the Review
451 British Airline Pilots Association - written evidence provided to the Review
452 DfT (2021). 'Decarbonising Transport: A better, greener Britain', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transport-decarbonisation-plan
453 Transport Committee (2021), 'Trains fit for the future?', https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5801/cmselect/cmtrans/876/87602.htm
454 Ibid.
455 Rail Partners - written evidence provided to the Review
456 According to the Transport Decarbonisation Plan, in 2019 154 billion tonne kilometres of goods were moved domestically by road compared to 17 billion tonne kilometres by rail. See Department for Transport (2021). 'Decarbonising Transport: A better, greener Britain', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transport-decarbonisation-plan
457 Rail Partners - written evidence provided to the Review
458 Department for Transport (2021), 'Great British Railways: Williams-Shapps plan for rail', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/great-british-railways-williams-shapps-plan-for-rail
459 Transport Committee (2021), 'Trains fit for the future?', https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5801/cmselect/cmtrans/876/87602.htm
460 First - written evidence provided to the Review
461 Logistics UK - written evidence provided to the Review
462 First - written evidence provided to the Review
463 British Retail Consortium (2021) 'Climate Action Roadmap - Executive Summary', https://brc.org.uk/media/677373/climate-action-roadmap-executive-summary-apr21.pdf
464 British Retail Consortium (2021) 'Climate Action Roadmap - Executive Summary', https://brc.org.uk/media/677373/climate-action-roadmap-executive-summary-apr21.pdf
465 Ibid.
466 Verbal evidence provided at retail sector roundtable hosted by the Review
467 Ibid.
468 CCC (2022) '2022 Progress Report to Parliament', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2022-progress-report-to-parliament/
469 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
470 CCC (2020), 'The Sixth Carbon Budget: Greenhouse gas removals', https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Sector-summary-GHG-removals.pdf
471 Defra and Natural England (2022), 'Delivering on the Environment Act: new targets announced and ambitious plans for nature recovery', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/delivering-on-the-environment-act-new-targets-announced-and-ambitious-plans-for-nature-recovery
472 Office for National Statistics (2022), 'Improving estimates of land underlying dwellings in the national balance sheet, UK: 2022', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/uksectoraccounts/articles/improvingestimatesoflandunderlyingdwellingsinthenationalbalancesheetuk/2022
473 Defra (2022), 'Total income from farming in the UK in 2021', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/total-income-from-farming-in-the-uk/total-income-from-farming-of-the-united-kingdom-2021-provisional-estimate
474 Defra - written evidence provided to the Review
475 Dasgupta, P. (2021), 'The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review' https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/final-report-the-economics-of-biodiversity-the-dasgupta-review
476 Defra (2021), 'United Kingdom Food Security Report 2021' https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1077015/United_Kingdom_Food_Security_Report_2021_19may2022.pdf
477 Aldersgate Group (2022), 'The green line: a route out of crisis and towards prosperity', https://www.aldersgategroup.org.uk/content/uploads/2022/09/The-green-line-a-route-out-of-crisis-and-towards-prosperity-an-Aldersgate-Group-manifesto.pdf
478 Verbal evidence provided at agriculture roundtable hosted by the Review
479 Royal Society for the Protection of Birds - written evidence provided to the Review
480 Defra (2022), 'Government food strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-food-strategy/government-food-strategy
481 IPCC (2022), 'Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability', https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/
482 Verbal evidence provided at roundtable hosted by the Review
483 Ibid.
484 Marks & Spencer - written evidence provided to the Review
485 National Farmers' Union of England and Wales (NFU) - written evidence provided to the Review
486 NatWest Group - written evidence provided to the Review
487 Palladium - written evidence provided to the Review
488 Verbal evidence provided at roundtable hosted by the Review
489 Ibid.
490 NatWest Group - written evidence provided to the Review
491 Business in the Community - written evidence provided to the Review
492 WRAP - written evidence provided to the Review
493 Green Alliance, 2022, 'Natural Capital: the battle for control', https://green-alliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Natural_capital_the_battle_for_control.pdf
494 ONS (2021), 'UK natural capital accounts: 2021', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/bulletins/uknaturalcapitalaccounts/2021
495 HMT (2021), 'The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review' https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/final-report-the-economics-of-biodiversity-the-dasgupta-review
496 The Wildlife Trusts - written evidence provided to the Review
497 Ibid.
498 Natural England (2021), 'Carbon Storage and Sequestration by Habitat 2021', http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/5419124441481216
499 Wildlife and Countryside Link - written evidence provided to the Review
500 IEA (2019), 'Data centres and energy - from global headlines to local headaches?', https://www.iea.org/commentaries/data-centres-and-energy-from-global-headlines-to-local-headaches
501 techUK - written evidence provided to the Review
502 techUK (2022), 'Seizing the opportunity for tech led growth in 2022', https://www.techuk.org/resource/seizing-the-opportunity-for-tech-led-growth-in-2022.html
503 BEIS - written evidence provided to the Review
504 Ibid.
505 European Commission (2021), 'World Corporate Top R&D investors: Paving the way for climate neutrality', https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC126788
506 TechUK - written evidence provided to the Review
507 Ibid.
508 Ibid.
509 iBASEt (2022), 'Digital Manufacturing Productivity Report', https://info.ibaset.com/en-gb/digital-manufacturing-report
510 TechUK - written evidence provided to the Review
511 IEA (2022), 'Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks: Infrastructure deep dive', https://www.iea.org/reports/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks
512 Climate Emergency UK, https://www.climateemergency.uk/blog/list-of-councils/ (accessed December 2022)
513 Local Government Association (LGA) - written evidence provided to the Review
514 UK100 - written evidence provided to the Review
515 Climate Change Committee (CCC) (2022), 'Progress Report', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2022-progress-report-to-parliament/
516 Ibid.
517 Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (DLUHC) (2022), 'Levelling Up White Paper', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/levelling-up-the-united-kingdom (accessed December 2022)
518 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) (2022), 'UK local authority and regional greenhouse gas emissions national statistics, 2005 to 2020'
519 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy (accessed December 2022)
520 UK100 (2021), 'Power Shift', https://www.uk100.org/publications/power-shift (accessed December 2022)
521 UKRI (2022), 'Accelerating Net Zero Delivery', https://www.ukri.org/publications/accelerating-net-zero-delivery/
522 Ibid.
523 Tees Valley Combined Authority - written evidence provided to the Review
524 Manchester City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
525 Bristol City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
526 Verbal evidence provided at roundtables hosted by the Review
527 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
528 CCC (2022), 'Progress Report', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2022-progress-report-to-parliament/ (accessed December 2022)
529 National Audit Office (2021), 'Local Government and Net Zero in England', https://www.nao.org.uk/reports/local-government-and-net-zero-in-england/ (accessed December 2022)
530 Energy Systems Catapult - written evidence provided to the Review
531 CCC (2022), 'Progress Report', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2022-progress-report-to-parliament/
532 CCC (2020), 'Local Authorities and the Sixth Carbon Budget', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/local-authorities-and-the-sixth-carbon-budget/ (accessed December 2022)
533 Scottish Government, 'The Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategies (Scotland) Order 2022', https://www.legislation.gov.uk/sdsi/2022/9780111053935 (accessed December 2022)
534 Somerset County Council - written evidence provided to the Review
535 Verbal evidence provided at roundtables hosted by the Review
536 Westminster City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
537 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
538 Ibid.
539 Written evidence provided to the Review
540 LGA - written evidence provided to the Review
541 Verbal evidence provided at roundtables hosted by the Review
542 Lucas, Ruth, Pill, Madeleine and Hincks, Stephen, the University of Sheffield (2022), 'Fair Funding for Devolution', https://www.flipsnack.com/uos/fair-funding-for-devolution-report-september-2022-final-1.html (accessed December 2022)
543 Localis and Local Government Association, https://www.localis.org.uk/research/to-bid-or-not-to-bid-calculating-the-costs-of-competitive-funding-processes/ (accessed December 2022)
544 Verbal evidence provided at roundtables hosted by the Review
545 CCC (2020), 'Local Authorities and the Sixth Carbon Budget' https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/local-authorities-and-the-sixth-carbon-budget/
546 Ibid.
547 Manchester City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
548 Verbal evidence provided at roundtables hosted by the Review
549 Manchester City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
550 UK100 (2021), 'Power Shift', https://www.uk100.org/publications/power-shift (accessed December 2022)
551 West Midlands Combined Authority and Greater Manchester Combined Authority - written evidence provided to the Review
552 West Yorkshire Combined Authority - written evidence provided to the Review
553 Climate Emergency (2022), 'Council Climate Action Plan Scorecards Press Release', https://www.climateemergency.uk/blog/council-climate-action-plan-scorecards-press-release/ (accessed December 2022)
554 West Yorkshire Combined Authority - written evidence provided to the Review
555 Catapult, https://cp.catapult.org.uk/document/cp-catapult-ukccic-final-report?downloading=true (accessed December 2022)
556 CLES (2022), 'A Roadmap to Decarbonisation', https://cles.org.uk/publications/a-roadmap-to-decarbonisation/ (accessed December 2022)
557 Centre for Local Economic Strategies (CLES) and Preston City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
558 BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero in the North East of England: regional transition impacts', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-in-the-north-east-of-england-regional-transition-impacts
559 Tingey, M & Webb, J (2020), 'Net zero localities: Ambition & value in UK local authority investment. University of Strathclyde Publishing', https://www.energyrev.org.uk/media/1440/energyrev_net-zero-localities_202009.pdf (accessed December 2022)
560 3Ci - written evidence provided to the Review
561 Manchester City Council - written evidence provided to the Review
562 CCC (2020), 'Local Authorities and the Sixth Carbon Budget' https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/local-authorities-and-the-sixth-carbon-budget/
563 Verbal evidence provided at roundtables hosted by the Review
564 Jha, Akshaya and La Nauze, Andrea (2022), 'US Embassy air-quality tweets led to global health benefits', https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2201092119 (accessed December 2022)
565 Town and Country Planning Association - written evidence provided to the Review
566 Ibid.
567 The Royal Town Planning Institute - written evidence provided to the Review
568 Written and verbal evidence submitted to the Review
569 CCC (2020), 'Local Authorities and the Sixth Carbon Budget', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/local-authorities-and-the-sixth-carbon-budget/
570 DLUHC, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/viability (accessed December 2022)
571 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 'Synthesis Report of the Sixth Assessment Report', https://www.ipcc.ch/ar6-syr/ (accessed December 2022)
572 This was a joint response from York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership, North Yorkshire County Council and City of York Council - written evidence provided to the Review.
573 York and North Yorkshire - written evidence provided to the Review
574 Scottish Government (2019), 'Community benefits from onshore renewable energy developments', https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-government-good-practice-principles-community-benefits-onshore-renewable-energy-developments/
575 Historic England, https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/local/conservation-areas/ (accessed December 2022)
576 Ipsos Mori and the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (2022), 'Net Zero Living', https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/new-report-examines-peoples-attitudes-towards-climate-change-and-how-they-translate-action
577 Pacheco, Andre and Guerreiro, Daniel, 'A living lab for the sustainable energy transition ambition of the Algarve Region's S3', https://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/w/a-living-lab-for-the-sustainable-energy-transition-ambition-of-the-algarve-region-s-s3; Pacheco et. Al (2021), 'Energy transition process and community engagement on geographic islands: The case of Culatra Island (Ria Formosa, Portugal)', https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148121017067 (both accessed December 2022)
578 British Business Bank and The University of Manchester - written evidence provided to the Review
579 Community Energy England - written evidence provided to the Review
580 Environmental Audit Committee - written evidence provided to the Review
581 Community Energy England (2022), 'State of the Sector Report 2022', https://communityenergyengland.org/pages/state-of-the-sector (accessed December 2022)
582 South East London Community Energy and Community Energy England - written evidence provided to the Review
583 BEIS (2021), 'Heat and Buildings Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/heat-and-buildings-strategy BEIS (2021), 'Heat and Buildings Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/heat-and-buildings-strategy (accessed December 2022)
584 Camden London Borough Council, Leeds City Council and UK100 - written evidence provided to the Review
585 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), internal analysis
586 Akenji et al. (2022), '1.5-Degree Lifestyles: Towards A Fair Consumption Space for All', https://hotorcool.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Hot_or_Cool_1_5_lifestyles_FULL_REPORT_AND_ANNEX_B.pdf
587 Reckitt (2022), 'Planetary Health is Human Health'
588 BEIS (2022), 'Public Attitudes Tracker', https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/public-attitudes-tracking-survey (accessed December 2022)
589 Ipsos Mori and the Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations (2022), 'Net Zero Living', https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/new-report-examines-peoples-attitudes-towards-climate-change-and-how-they-translate-action
590 Ibid.
591 Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) (2022), 'New car market up as plate change September marks one million EV milestone', https://www.smmt.co.uk/2022/10/new-car-market-up-as-plate-change-september-marks-one-million-ev-milestone/ (accessed December 2022)
592 BEIS (2022), 'Energy Security Bill factsheet: Low-carbon heat scheme', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-security-bill-factsheets/energy-security-bill-factsheet-low-carbon-heat-scheme#:~:text=Heat%20pumps%20are%20an%20established,in%20the%20UK%20in%202021
593 International Renewable Energy Agency (2022), 'Renewable solutions in end-uses: Heat pump costs and markets', https://www.irena.org/Publications/2022/Nov/Renewable-solutions-in-end-uses-Heat-pump-costs-and-markets
594 Government Office for Science (Forthcoming), 'A Net Zero Society Foresight Report'
595 World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) - written evidence provided to the Review
596 Office for National Statistics (2022), 'Excess winter mortality in England and Wales: 2020 to 2021 (provisional) and 2019 to 2020', https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/excesswintermortalityinenglandandwales/2020to2021provisionaland2019to2020final#overview-of-excess-winter-mortality-in-england-and-wales
597 Office for National Statistics (2022), 'Excess mortality during heat-periods: 1 June to 31 August 2022', https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/excessmortalityduringheatperiods/englandandwales1juneto31august2022
598 National Energy Action (NEA) - written evidence provided to the Review
599 Building Research Establishment (2021), 'The Cost of Poor Housing in England', https://files.bregroup.com/research/BRE_Report_the_cost_of_poor_housing_2021.pdf
600 Office for Health Improvement and Disability (2021), 'Guidance Physical activity: applying All Our Health', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/physical-activity-applying-all-our-health/physical-activity-applying-all-our-health
601 Ecuity Consulting for Local Government Association, 'Local green jobs -accelerating a sustainable economic recovery', https://www.local.gov.uk/local-green-jobs-accelerating-sustainable-economic-recovery (accessed December 2022)
602 BEIS internal analysis (2022)
603 BEIS (2022), 'Public Attitudes Tracker', https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/public-attitudes-tracking-survey (accessed December 2022)
604 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
605 Weighted to nationally representative criteria.
606 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
607 Ibid.
608 Dicks, Jennifer, McGovern, Michael, Stenning, Jon and Dellaccio, Ornella (2022), 'The distributional effects of pathways to net-zero and the implications for fuel and transport poverty', https://www.creds.ac.uk/publications/the-distributional-effects-of-pathways-to-net-zero-and-the-implications-for-fuel-and-transport-poverty/
609 LSE - written evidence provided to the Review
610 Citizens Advice - written evidence provided to the Review
611 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
612 National Energy Action (NEA) and Newcastle University (2021), 'Warm Homes Fund: programme evaluation', https://www.nea.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/WHF-Second-Interim-Report-updated.pdf
613 HMT (2021), 'Net Zero Review', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-review-final-report
614 NEA - written evidence provided to the Review
615 Ibid.
616 Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (2021), 'English Housing Survey 2020 to 2021: headline report', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-housing-survey-2020-to-2021-headline-report
617 BEIS (2022), 'Public Attitudes Tracker', https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/public-attitudes-tracking-survey (accessed December 2022)
618 Ibid.
619 Lord, Tim and Mayer, Bret (2021), 'Planes, Homes and Automobiles: The Role of Behaviour Change in Delivering Net Zero', https://institute.global/policy/planes-homes-and-automobiles-role-behaviour-change-delivering-net-zero
620 Citizens Advice - written evidence provided to the Review
621 BEIS (2022), 'Public Attitudes Tracker', https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/public-attitudes-tracking-survey (accessed December 2022)
622 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
623 Verbal evidence provided at behaviour change roundtable hosted for the Review
624 Verbal evidence provided at circular economy roundtable hosted for the Review
625 Ibid.
626 House of Lords Library (2022), 'Net zero and behaviour change', https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/net-zero-and-behaviour-change/
627 Lord, Tim and Palmou, Christina, 'Avoiding Gridlock Britain', https://institute.global/policy/avoiding-gridlock-britain#article-summary-footnote-10
628 Transport Scotland (2021), 'A Long Term Vision for Active Travel in Scotland 2030', https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/33649/long-term-vison-for-active-travel-in-scotland-2030.pdf
629 Verbal evidence provided at transport roundtable hosted for the Review
630 Sustrans (2022), 'Helping People Through the Cost of Living Crisis and Growing Our Economy', https://roadsafetygb.org.uk/news/new-report-shows-staggering-economic-benefit-of-active-travel/
631 Department for Transport (2022), 'Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy Report to Parliament 2022', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cycling-and-walking-investment-strategy-report-to-parliament-2022
632 Balkan Green Energy News, 'France offers citizens EUR 4,000 grants to switch from cars to bikes', https://balkangreenenergynews.com/france-offers-citizens-eur-4000-grants-to-switch-from-cars-to-bikes/#:~:text=The%20country%20aims%20to%20boost,to%20classic%20two%2Dwheeled%20bikes (accessed December 2022)
633 CCC (2022), 'Progress Snapshot', 'https://www.theccc.org.uk/uk-action-on-climate-change/progress-snapshot/'
634 Dossett, Stuart (2022), 'Green Uplift: How a net zero economy can reduce fuel and transport poverty', https://green-alliance.org.uk/publication/green-uplift-how-a-net-zero-economy-can-reduce-fuel-and-transport- poverty/
635 Ibid.
636 Information provided to the Review by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO); DeStatis, '9-euro ticket no longer on offer: rail travel back to pre-crisis level', https://www.destatis.de/EN/Press/2022/09/PE22_377_12.html (accessed December 2022)
637 House of Lords Library (2022), 'Net zero and behaviour change', https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/net-zero-and-behaviour-change/
638 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
639 Verbal evidence provided at transport roundtable hosted for the Review
640 Ibid.
641 SMMT (2022), 'October 2022 New Car Registrations', https://media.smmt.co.uk/october-2022-new-car-registrations/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=october-2022-new-car-registrations (accessed December 2022)
642 Corlett, Adam and Marshall, Jonathan (2022), 'Shrinking Footprints: The impacts of the net zero transition on households and consumption', https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/shrinking-footprints/
642 Department for Transport (2022), 'Electric vehicle charging device statistics: October 2022',
643 SMMT (2022), 'EVs energise new car market but chargepoint rollout must accelerate', https://www.smmt.co.uk/2022/11/evs-energise-new-car-market-but-chargepoint-rollout-must-accelerate/ (accessed December 2022)
644 CCC (2022), '2022 Progress Report to Parliament', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2022-progress-report-to-parliament/
645 FairCharge open letter to the Chancellor, https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clenergy-ev.com%2Fmedia%2Fezidzvsg%2Fcpo-cx-vat-letter.pdf&psig=AOvVaw2RKr8tXZWwdoLw1U0uc91C&ust=1670933955781000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBAQjhxqFwoTCNiZ9piI9PsCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAR
646 Zap Map (2022), 'EV Charging Statistics 2022', https://www.zap-map.com/statistics/#points (accessed December 2022)
647 Corlett, Adam and Marshall, Jonathan (2022), 'Shrinking Footprints: The impacts of the net zero transition on households and consumption', https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/shrinking-footprints/
648 RecycleNow, 'How to Recycle at Home', https://www.recyclenow.com/how-to-recycle/how-to-recycle-at-home (accessed December 2022)
649 British Retail Consortium - written evidence provided to the Review
650 Unilever - written evidence provided to the Review
651 Aldersgate Group (2021), 'Closing the Loop: Time to crack on with resource efficiency', https://www.aldersgategroup.org.uk/publications/post/closing-the-loop-time-to-crack-on-with-resource- efficiency/
652 Ibid.
653 WRAP - written evidence provided to the Review
654 M&S - written evidence provided to the Review
655 EU Science Hub, 'Sustainable Product Policy,' https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities-z/sustainable-product-policy_en#:~:text=It%20is%20estimated%20that%20over,throughout%20their%20entire%20life%20cycle (accessed December 2022)
656 WRAP (2021), 'Food Surplus and Waste in the UK Key Facts', https://wrap.org.uk/resources/report/food-surplus-and-waste-uk-key-facts#download-file
657 Which? - written evidence provided to the Review
658 Ibid.
659 Aldersgate Group (2021), 'Closing the Loop: Time to crack on with resource efficiency', https://www.aldersgategroup.org.uk/publications/post/closing-the-loop-time-to-crack-on-with-resource-efficiency/
660 Which? (2021), 'New 'right to repair' laws introduced: what do they actually mean for you?', https://www.which.co.uk/news/article/new-right-to-repair-laws-introduced-what-do-they-actually-mean-for-you-akW160h9DWLL
661 Which? - written evidence provided to the Review
662 Aldersgate Group (2021), 'Closing the Loop: Time to crack on with resource efficiency', https://www.aldersgategroup.org.uk/publications/post/closing-the-loop-time-to-crack-on-with-resource-efficiency/
663 Verbal evidence provided at circular economy roundtable hosted for the Review
664 BEIS (2022), 'UK 1990-2020 GHG emissions statistics, dataset of emissions by source and end-user', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/final-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-national-statistics-1990-to-2020
665 BEIS (2022) 'Final UK greenhouse gas emissions national statistics: 1990 to 2020'
666 MCP Consulting Group (2022), 'Energy Efficiency Top Tips', https://www.mcpconsultinggroup.com/blog/energy-efficiency-top-tips
667 E.ON - written evidence provided to the Review
668 BEIS (2021), 'National Energy Efficiency Data-Framework (NEED) report: summary of analysis 2021', https://www.gov.uk/govemment/statistics/national-energy-efficiency-data-framework-need-report-summary-of-analysis-2021
669 Energy Saving Trust - written evidence provided to the Review
670 List of sources used:
IEA (2022), 'Energy Efficiency', https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2022 ; Carbon Brief, 'Analysis: UK's gas imports would be 13% lower if it had not 'cut the green crap', https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-uk-gas-imports-would-be-13-lower-if-it-had-not-cut-the-green-crap/ (accessed December 2022); BEIS (2021), Net Zero Strategy, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy ;
NEA (2022), 'Our Health, Our Homes', https://www.nea.org.uk/who-we-are/policy-and-research/our-health-our-homes/#:~:text=In%20the%20extreme%2C%20cold%20homes,living%20in%20a%20cold%20home (accessed December 2022); Shelter (2017), 'Research: The impact of housing problems on mental health', https://england.shelter.org.uk/professional_resources/policy_and_research/policy_library/research_the_impact_of_housing_problems_on_mental_health ;
BEIS (2022), 'Household Energy Efficiency Statistical Release', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1119387/HEE_Stats_Release_-_NOVEMBER_2022.pdf ;
Citizens Advice (2022), 'Insulation Nation: The roadmap to a future of affordable energy bills', https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/our-work/policy/policy-research-topics/energy-policy-research-and-consultation-responses/energy-policy-research/insulation-nation-the-roadmap-to-a-future-of-affordable-energy-bills/ (accessed December 2022);
Santander (2022), 'A Green Premium: House buyers willing to pay almost 10 per cent more for energy efficient properties https://www.santander.co.uk/about-santander/media-centre/press-releases/a-green-premium-house-buyers-willing-to-pay-almost-10#:~:text=energy%20efficient%20properties-,A%20Green%20Premium%3A%20House%20buyers%20willing%20to%20pay%20almost%2010,more%20for%20energy%20efficient%20properties&text=A%20new%20report%20from%20Santander,homes%20that%20have%20been%20retrofitted (accessed December 2022);
IEA (2022), 'Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency: Productivity', https://www.iea.org/reports/multiple-benefits-of-energy-efficiency/productivity (accessed December 2022);
Resolution Foundation (2022), 'Energy Price Guarantee on course to cost £16 billion over the winter months', https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/press-releases/energy-price-guarantee-on-course-to-cost-16-billion-over-the-winter-months/#:~:text=The%20Ofgem%20announcement%20today%20(Thursday,months%20will%20cost%20%C2%A316 (accessed December 2022);
Bloomberg (2022), 'Warm Weather Saves UK Government £260 Million in Energy Support', https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-03/warm-weather-saves-uk-government-260-million-in-energy-support?leadSource=uverify%20wall (accessed December 2022)
671 List of sources used:
IEA (2022), 'Energy Efficiency', https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2022 ; Carbon Brief, 'Analysis: UK's gas imports would be 13% lower if it had not 'cut the green crap', https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-uk-gas-imports-would-be-13-lower-if-it-had-not-cut-the-green-crap/ (accessed December 2022);
BEIS (2021), Net Zero Strategy, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy ;
NEA (2022), 'Our Health, Our Homes', https://www.nea.org.uk/who-we-are/policy-and-research/our-health-our-homes/#:~:text=In%20the%20extreme%2C%20cold%20homes,living%20in%20a%20cold%20home (accessed December 2022);
Shelter (2017), 'Research: The impact of housing problems on mental health', https://england.shelter.org.uk/professional_resources/policy_and_research/policy_library/research_the_impact_of_housing_problems_on_mental_health ;
BEIS (2022), 'Household Energy Efficiency Statistical Release', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1119387/HEE_Stats_Release_-_NOVEMBER_2022.pdf ;
Citizens Advice (2022), 'Insulation Nation: The roadmap to a future of affordable energy bills', https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/our-work/policy/policy-research-topics/energy-policy-research-and-consultation-responses/energy-policy-research/insulation-nation-the-roadmap-to-a-future-of-affordable-energy-bills/ (accessed December 2022);
Santander, 'A Green Premium: House buyers willing to pay almost 10 per cent more for energy efficient properties, https://www.santander.co.uk/about-santander/media-centre/press-releases/a-green-premium-house-buyers-willing-to-pay-almost-10#:~:text=energy%20efficient%20properties-,A%20Green%20Premium%3A%20House%20buyers%20willing%20to%20pay%20almost%2010,more%20for%20energy%20efficient%20properties&text=A%20new%20report%20from%20Santander,homes%20that%20have%20been%20retrofitted (accessed December 2022);
IEA (2022), 'Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency: Productivity', https://www.iea.org/reports/multiple-benefits-of-energy-efficiency/productivity (accessed December 2022);
Resolution Foundation (2022), 'Energy Price Guarantee on course to cost £16 billion over the winter months', https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/press-releases/energy-price-guarantee-on-course-to-cost-16-billion-over-the-winter-months/#:~:text=The%20Ofgem%20announcement%20today%20(Thursday,months%20will%20cost%20%C2%A316 (accessed December 2022);
Bloomberg (2022), 'Warm Weather Saves UK Government £260 Million in Energy Support', https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-03/warm-weather-saves-uk-government-260-million-in-energy-support?leadSource=uverify%20wall (accessed December 2022)
672 Energy Saving Trust (2022), 'Energy at home Saving water at home', https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/advice/saving-water-at-home/ (accessed December 2022)
673 Ibid.
674 Energy Saving Trust (2022), 'Buying energy efficient products - Lighting', https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/advice/lighting/ (accessed December 2022)
675 BEIS (2021), 'End of halogen light bulbs spells brighter and cleaner future', https://www.gov.uk/government/news/end-of-halogen-light-bulbs-spells-brighter-and-cleaner-future
676 Ibid
677 Icons made by Dreamstale, NeXore88, berkahicon, Creative Stall Premium, Freepik and Smashicons from www.flaticon.com
678 IEA (2022), 'The Future of Heat Pumps', https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps
679 CCC (2019), 'Net Zero Technical Report', https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Net-Zero-Technical-report-CCC.pdf .
680 IEA (2022), 'The Future of Heat Pumps', https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps
681 Lowes, R., Gibb, D., Rosenow, J., Thomas, S., Malinowski, M., Ross, A. & Graham, P. (2022), 'A policy toolkit for global mass heat pump deployment', https://www.raponline.org/knowledge-center/policy-toolkit-global-mass-heat-pump-deployment/
682 IEA (2022), 'The Future of Heat Pumps', https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-heat-pumps
683 Ibid.
684 BEIS (2020), 'Heat pump manufacturing supply chain research project', https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/943712/h eat-pump-manufacturing-supply-chain-research-project-report.pdf
685 Ibid.
686 The Guardian (2022), 'UK must insulate homes or face a worse energy crisis in 2023, say experts' https://www.theguardian.com/money/2022/sep/11/britain-insulate-homes-energy-crisis-2023-heat-loss-houses-subsidising-bills (accessed December 2022)
687 BEIS (2022), 'Annual fuel poverty statistics in England (2020 data)', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-fuel-poverty-statistics-report-2020
688 UCL (2022) 'Smart energy research lab: energy use in GB domestic buildings 2021', https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10148066/1/SERL%20Stats%20Report%201.pdf
689 Eurostat (2020), Share of fuels in the final energy consumption in the residential sector for space heating. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=Energy_consumption_in_household#Energy_consumption_in_households_by_type_of_end-use ;
BEIS (2021), Energy Consumption in the UK (ECUK): End Use Tables https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/energy-consumption-in-the-uk-2021
690 Ibid.
691 BEIS (2022), 'Household Energy Efficiency Statistics'; BEIS (2021), 'National Energy Efficiency Data- Framework' (NEED); CCC (2020), 'Sixth Carbon Budget'; BEIS (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy: charts and tables' (updated 5 April 2022).
692 ONS (2022): 'Consumer price inflation, UK: October 2022', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/bulletins/consumerpriceinflation/october2022 (accessed December 2022)
693 Aldersgate Group - written evidence provided to the Review
694 Nationwide (2021), 'Energy efficiency ratings currently having limited impact on house prices despite push to go green', https://www.nationwidehousepriceindex.co.uk/reports/energy-efficiency-ratings-currently-having-limited-impact-on-house-prices-despite-push-to-go-green#:~:text=The%20average%20cost%20to%20improve,the%20scale%20of%20the%20challenge (accessed December 2022)
695 Resilience (2022), 'Why UK energy bills are soaring to record highs - and how to cut them' https://www.resilience.org/stories/2022-08-17/why-uk-energy-bills-are-soaring-to-record-highs-and-how-to-cut-them/ (accessed December 2022)
696 E.ON - written evidence provided to the Review
697 Energy Efficiency Infrastructure Group (EEIG) - written evidence provided to the Review
698 Heat Pump Association - written evidence provided to the Review
699 Home Builders Federation (HBF) (2018), https://www.hbf.co.uk/news/increase-house-building-delivers-huge-boost-uk-economy/
700 ONS (2022), https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/energyefficiencyofhousinginenglandandwales/2022
701 NAO (2021), 'Green Homes Grant Voucher Scheme', https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Green-Homes-Grant-Voucher-Scheme.pdf
702 NatWest - written evidence provided to the Review
703 Kingfisher (2022), 'Tackling the UK's energy efficiency gap', https://www.kingfisher.com/en/media/campaigns/energy-efficiency.html
704 IEA (2022), 'Energy Efficiency', https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-efficiency-2022
705 Ibid.
706 UCL (2022), 'Smart Energy Research Lab: Energy use in GB domestic buildings 2021 Variation', https://discovery.ucl.ac.Uk/10148066/1/SERL%20Stats%20Report%201.pdf
707 Showhouse, 'Barratt launches first gas-free new housing development', https://www.showhouse.co.uk/news/barratt-launches-first-gas-free-new-housing-development/ (accessed December 2022)
708 Electreck, (2022), 'Heat pumps are now mandatory in new homes in Washington State', https://electrek.co/2022/11/09/heat-pumps-washington-state/ (accessed December 2022)
709 Done with the UK TIMES model, even with very high fossil fuel price assumptions.
710 Environmental Audit Committee (2021), 'Environmental Audit Committee Energy Efficiency of Existing Homes', https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/9971/pdf/
711 E.ON (2018), 'E.ON joins forces with BNP Paribas Personal Finance to help UK home owners unlock energy efficiency potential through 'Green Mortgages'', https://www.eonenergy.com/About-eon/media-centre/eon-joins-forces-with-bnp-paribas-personal-finance-to-help-uk-home-owners-unlock-energy-efficiency-potential-through-green-mortgages/ (accessed December 2022)
712 H&V News (2022), 'Octopus Energy partners with Halifax for low-cost heat pump plan', https://www.hvnplus.co.uk/news/octopus-energy-partners-with-halifax-for-low-cost-heat-pump-plan-10-11-2022/ (accessed December 2022)
713 Money Saving Expert, https://www.moneysavingexpert.com/mortgages/green-mortgages/ (accessed December 2022)
714 Review analysis interpreting current BEIS policy portfolio
715 BEIS (2021), 'Heat and Buildings Strategy', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/heat-and-buildings-strategy
716 The Building Engineering Services Association - written evidence provided to the Review
717 WWF - written evidence provided to the Review
718 Nesta (2022), 'Shortage of trained heat pump installers could set back net zero', https://www.nesta.org.uk/press-release/shortage-of-trained-heat-pump-installers-could-set-back-net-zero/
719 Energy Systems Catapult (2020), 'Innovating to Net Zero: UK Report', https://es.catapult.org.uk/report/innovating-to-net-zero/
720 The UCL Green Innovation Policy Commission (2021), 'Innovation for a Green Recovery: Business and Government in Partnership', https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/sustainable/sites/bartlett/files/the_commissions_final_report.pdf
721 The Resolution Foundation (2022), 'Growing clean : Identifying and investing in sustainable growth opportunities across the UK', https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/growing-clean/
722 Climate Change Committee (2020) 'The Sixth Carbon Budget', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/sixth-carbon-budget/
723 Royal Society - written evidence provided to the Review
724 Council for Science and Technology - written evidence provided to the Review
725 Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult (2021), ' JDR Cables and ORE Catapult', https://ore.catapult.org.uk/stories/jdr-cables-ore-catapult/
726 Energy Systems Catapult - written evidence provided to the Review
727 Institution of Mechanical Engineers 175 (2022), 'Engineering a Net Zero Energy System; Figure 9 Illustrative list of technology readiness levels in the energy sector', https://www.imeche.org/policy-and-press/reports/detail/engineering-a-net-zero-energy-system
728 PwC (2022) 'PwC Net Zero Future50', https://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/esg/pdf/net-zero-future-50-2022.pdf
729 Nemet, Zipperer and Kraus (2018) 'The valley of death, the technology pork barrel, and public support for large demonstration projects', Energy Policy, Vol 119, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421518302258
730 International Energy Agency (2020), 'Clean Energy Innovation', https://www.iea.org/reports/clean-energy-innovation
731 Royal Society - written evidence provided to the Review
732 British Private Equity and Venture Capital Association - written evidence provided to the Review
733 Royal Society - written evidence provided to the Review
734 Martin and Verhoeven (2022) 'Knowledge spillovers from clean and emerging technologies in the UK', https://cep.lse.ac.uk/_NEW/PUBLICATIONS/abstract.asp?index=9256
735 See Figure 29 'While venture capital has risen, the share going to clean tech has fallen' in: The Resolution Foundation (2022), 'Growing clean: Identifying and investing in sustainable growth opportunities across the UK', https://economy2030.resolutionfoundation.org/reports/growing-clean/
736 Council for Science and Technology - written evidence provided to the Review
737 Imperial College London - written evidence provided to the Review
738 Royal Academy of Engineering - written evidence provided to the Review
739 Economics of Energy Innovation and System Transition (EEIST) (2022), 'Ten Principles for Policy Making in the Energy Transition', https://eeist.co.uk/eeist-reports/
740 Imperial College London - written evidence provided to the Review
741 Ibid.
742 Council for Science and Technology - written evidence provided to the Review
743 LSE et al. - written evidence provided to the Review
744 Emergent Energy Systems (2021), 'Press release about Ofgem's Sandbox award for Emergent', https://emergent.energy/press-release-about-ofgems-sandbox-award-for-emergent/
745 UKRI (2022), https://www.ukri.org/what-we-offer/browse-our-areas-of-investment-and-support/faraday-battery-challenge/ (accessed December 2022)
746 Nesta (2017), 'A working model for anticipatory regulation: A working paper', https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/a-working-model-for-anticipatory-regulation-a-working-paper/
747 The European Marine Energy Centre - written evidence provided to the Review
748 Emergent Energy Systems (2021) 'Press release about Ofgem's Sandbox award for Emergent, 'https://emergent.energy/press-release-about-ofgems-sandbox-award-for-emergent/
749 HM Treasury (2021), 'Net Zero Review: Analysis exploring the key issues as the UK decarbonises', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-review-final-report
750 Analysis conducted by Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy for the Review based on Office for National Statistics data: GVA, https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/ (accessed December 2022), emissions, https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/datasets/ukenvironmentalaccountsatmosphericemissionsgreenhousegasemissionsbyeconomicsectorandgasunitedkingdom (accessed December 2022), employment, https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/datasets/employeejobsbyindustryjobs03 (accessed December 2022)
751 Manufacturers' Climate Change Group (MCCG) and Energy Intensive Users' Group (EIUG) - written evidence provided to the Review
752 G7 Statement on Climate Club (2022), https://www.g7germany.de/resource/blob/974430/2057926/2a7cd9f10213a481924492942dd660a1/2022-06-28-g7-climate-club-data.pdf?download=1
753 Elkerbout et al. (2022) 'From Carbon Pricing to Climate Clubs', https://www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=35998&pdf=CEPS-RR2022-01_From-carbon-pricing-to-climate-clubs.pdf
754 Environmental Audit Committee (2022), 'Greening imports: a UK carbon border approach', https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5802/cmselect/cmenvaud/737/report.html
755 Climate Change Committee (2022), 'Progress in Reducing Emissions: 2022 Report to Parliament', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/2022-progress-report-to-parliament/
756 The World Bank (2022), 'Carbon Pricing Dashboard: What is Carbon Pricing?', https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing (accessed December 2022)
757 The World Bank (2022), 'Carbon Pricing Dashboard: What is Carbon Pricing?', https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/what-carbon-pricing (accessed December 2022)
758 UK Government, Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs for Northern Ireland (2022), 'Developing the UK Emissions Trading Scheme', https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/developing-the-uk-emissions-trading-scheme-uk-ets
759 International Energy Agency (2021), 'Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector', https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
760 OECD (2019), 'Taxing Energy Use 2019: Using Taxes for Climate Action', https://www.oecd.org/tax/taxing-energy-use-efde7a25-en.htm
761 HM Treasury (2021), 'Net Zero Review: Analysis exploring the key issues as the UK decarbonises', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-review-final-report
762 Climate Change Committee (2020), 'The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK's path to Net Zero', https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/The-Sixth-Carbon-Budget-The-UKs-path-to-Net-Zero.pdf
763 UK Government, Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs for Northern Ireland (2022), 'Developing the UK Emissions Trading Scheme', https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/developing-the-uk-emissions-trading-scheme-uk-ets
764 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2022), 'Final UK greenhouse gas emissions national statistics: 1990 to 2020', https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/final-uk-greenhouse-gas-emissions-national-statistics-1990-to-2020 (accessed December 2022)
765 HM Treasury (2021), 'Net Zero Review: Analysis exploring the key issues as the UK decarbonises', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-review-final-report
766 Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (2021), 'Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/net-zero-strategy
767 Ibid
768 New Zealand's Ministry for the Environment (2022), 'Coverage of New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme', https://environment.govt.nz/what-government-is-doing/areas-of-work/climate-change/ets/coverage-of-the-nz-ets/#sectors-covered-by-the-nz-ets (accessed December 2022)
769 International Carbon Action Partnership (ICAP) (2022), 'Emissions Trading Worldwide: Status Report 2022', https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/publications/emissions-trading-worldwide-2022-icap-status-report
770 CCC (2022), 'Voluntary Carbon Markets and Offsetting', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/voluntary-carbon-markets-and-offsetting/
771 UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology - written evidence provided to the Review.
772 Climate Change Committee (2022), 'Voluntary Carbon Markets and Offsetting', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/voluntary-carbon-markets-and-offsetting/
773 CCC (2022), 'Voluntary Carbon Markets and Offsetting', https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/voluntary-carbon-markets-and-offsetting/
774 Ibid.
775 Natural England - written evidence provided to the Review
776 Wildlife Trust - written evidence provided to the Review
777 World Economic Forum (2022), 'Accelerating Decarbonization through Trade in Climate Goods and Services, Insight report', https://www.weforum.org/reports/accelerating-decarbonization-through-trade-in-climate-goods-and-services/
778 UK Board of Trade (2021), 'Green Trade', https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/board-of-trade-report-green-trade
779 Lydgate and Anthony (2020),'Can the UK Government be "World Leading" in both Trade and Climate Policy?' UK Trade Policy Observatory (briefing paper 47), https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/uktpo/publications/can-the-uk-government-be-world-leading-in-both-trade-and-climate-policy/
780 Riddell and Lowe (2021), 'Towards a comprehensive UK Green Trade Strategy', https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/uktpo/publications/towards-a-comprehensive-uk-green-trade-strategy/
781 International Energy Agency (2022), 'The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2022: Accelerating sector transitions through stronger international collaboration' https://www.iea.org/reports/breakthrough-agenda-report-2022
782 International Organization for Standardization (2022), 'Net Zero Guidelines', https://www.iso.org/netzero (accessed December 2022)
783 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (2022), 'Industrial Deep Decarbonisation Initiative', https://www.unido.org/IDDI
784 Office for National Statistics (2022) 'Low Carbon Renewable Energy Economy 2020', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/environmentalaccounts/bulletins/finalestimates/2020
785 Office for National Statistics (2022), 'UK Trade: July 2022', https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/nationalaccounts/balanceofpayments/bulletins/uktrade/july2022#:~:text=Exports%20increased%20by%20%C2%A31.7,billion%20increase%20in%20goods%20imports (accessed December 2022)